“…The inclusion criteria were (1) a diagnosis of OAG, including either primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), NTG, or pseudo-exfoliation (PE) glaucoma, and (2) a glaucomatous visual field defect, meeting the Anderson-Patella classification, i.e., with one or more of the following: (a) a cluster of three points with a probability of < 5% on the pattern deviation map in at least one hemifield (including ≥ 1 point with probability of < 1% or a cluster of two points with a probability of < 1%, (b) glaucomatous hemifield test results outside the normal limits, and (c) a pattern standard deviation beyond 95% of normal limits, as confirmed in at least two reliable examinations. The exclusion criteria were (1) age younger than 20 years, (2) preoperative decimal BCVA less than 0.7, (3) axial length ≥ 28.0 mm [ 25 , 29 , 30 ], and (4) the presence of other ocular diseases or systemic diseases affecting the visual field. Previous studies have used two lines of loss, or an equivalent change in logMAR, in advanced glaucoma patients who underwent trab [ 15 , 17 , 31 ].…”