Evaluation of pan masala for toxic effects on liver and other organs

Sarma, Anita; Chakrabarti, J.; Chakrabarti, Amit; Banerjee, T.; Roy, Deodutta; Mukherjee, Dilip; Mukherjee, Arghya

doi:10.1016/0278-6915(92)90152-b

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It is known that persistent hepatic inflammation is a hallmark of habitual BQ chewing (Sarma et al, 1992;Gupta and Warnakulasuriya, 2002;Lin et al, 2008) and/or chronic HBV/HCV infection (Bouchard and Navas-Martin, 2011;El-Serag, 2012). Our results indicated that habitual BQ chewing do increase risk for HCC (Table 2) and hepatic fibrosis regardless of chronic hepatitis B or hepatitis C (Table 4 and Table 5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Persistent hepatic inflammation is a hallmark of habitual BQ chewing (Sarma et al, 1992;Lin et al, 2008;Angadi and Rao, 2011) and/or chronic HBV/HCV infection (Bouchard and Navas-Martin, 2011;El-Serag, 2012). Hepatic fibrosis, or cirrhosis, is a common end-stage condition of many chronic liver diseases (Bouchard and Navas-Martin, 2011;Luedde and Schwabe, 2011;El-Serag, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is a precancerous lesion of oral squamous cell carcinoma (IARC, 2004;Angadi and Rao, 2011). On the other hand, animals feeding BQ in the long term developed both chronic hepatocyte necroinflammation (Sarma et al, 1992) and liver cancer (Bhide et al, 1979;Nishikawa et al, 1992). Epidemiological data indicated that habitual BQ chewing is an independent risk factor for liver cirrhosis (Tsai et al, 2003;Hsiao et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Chronic Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C on Adverse Hepatic Fibrosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Related to Betel Quid Chewing

Jeng

Tsai²,

Tsai³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) related to habitual betel quid (BQ) chewing is unclear. Risk of HCCis increased with adverse hepatic fibrosis. This study aimed to assess the impact of chronic viral hepatitis on adverse hepatic fibrosis in HCC related to BQ chewing. This hospital-based case-control study enrolled 200 pairs of age-and gender-matched patients with HCC and unrelated healthy controls. Serologic hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-HCV), α-fetoprotein (AFP), and surrogate markers for significant hepatic fibrosis were measured. Information on substance-use habits was obtained with a questionnaire. By analysis of surrogate markers for hepatic fibrosis, the prevalence of significant hepatic fibrosis in patients chewing BQ was between 45.8% and 91.7%, whereas that for patients without BQ chewing was between 18.4% and 57.9%. The difference was significant (P <0.05 for each surrogate marker). Multivariate analysis indicated that cirrhosis with Child-Pugh C (odds ratio (OR) = 3.28; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.29-8.37), thrombocytopenia (OR = 3.92, 95% CI, 1.77-8.68), AFP >400 mg/L (OR = 2.21, 95% CI, 1.05-4.66) and male gender (OR = 4.06, 95% CI, 1.29-12.77) were independent factors associated with habitual BQ chewing. In conclusion, adverse hepatic fibrosis and severe liver damage play important roles in the pathogenesis of BQrelated HCC, which could be aggravated by chronic hepatitis B and hepatitis C. BQ-cessation programs and prevention of chronic HBV/HCV infection are needed to prevent HCC related to BQ chewing.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Chronic Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C on Adverse Hepatic Fibrosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Related to Betel Quid Chewing

Jeng

Tsai²,

Tsai³

et al. 2014

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

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“…Similar effects of PM have been reported in rats. 7 Drug-induced liver damage also induces an increase in the activity of GOT and GPT. 8 The GOT…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Plain and Blended Indian Pan Masala on Murine Liver

Nigam¹,

Bhatt²

2010

Euroasian Journal of Hepato-Gastroenterology

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“…Currently, PM usage is spreading widely among youth, workers and executives because it is a more effective mood elevator than smoking and may also act as a central nervous stimulant, offering temporary relief [23]. Further effects, including leukoplakia, submucous fibrosis, loss of nuclear polarity, keratosis, parakeratosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, vascularity and decreased weight of the gonads and the brain [24], were found. Bone marrow and chromosomal deformities in mice fed PM were also reported [25].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and Toxicity of Plain (PMP) and Blended (PMT) Indian Pan Masala (PM)

Nigam¹,

Venkatakrishna‐Bhatt²

2013

EAJM

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Objective: Betel leaf combined with areca nut is known as betel quid pan masala (PM), and tobacco with areca nut, catechu and lime is pan masala (PMT) blended with gulkhand. These narcotics are popular among young and old individuals. A prima facia chemical analysis and a toxicity assessment of PM in mice were conducted to study the relationship between longtime consumption of PM and health hazards. Materials and Methods:Chemical analysis of different types of PM was done employing HPLC , GLC, AAS, ES, TLC, GCMS and sequential extraction for PAH, pesticides, metals and minerals, electrolytes, drugs and xenobiotics. Ethanolic PM extracts were tested by IP and PO routes in inbred Swiss mice.Results: PAH, which are known xenobiotics for pre-cancerous lesions, were significantly high (p<0.01) in Rajaniganda and Pan Parag Zarda. Isomers of DDT and BHC, which principally act on nerves and muscles, were also high (p<0.01) in PM. The enhanced metal and mineral content of PM results in massive oral fibrosis. There is a high level of narcotics in PM, especially nicotine, a potentially cancerous agent in the gastrointestinal tract. Conclusion:Experimental studies with different extracts of plain and blended PM in mice fed for 16 and 90 days revealed no effect on blood and organ weights (kidney, heart, spleen and liver), but we did observe attenuated testis. However, in the bone marrow of the mice, chromosomes were most affected in the mice fed PM-Zarda blend for 3 months. The chromosomal abnormalities included ploidy, loss, breaks, gaps, deletions and exchanges in ring chromosomes. The PM caused sperm head anomalies (narrow, blunt, triangular and banana shapes), and the sperm were irregular, amorphous, tailless and rudimentary, with the maximum effect among the groups fed PM for 3 months. Significantly higher levels (p<0.01) of testis glycogen, cholesterol and protein were found. The group fed for 16 days showed no change in red blood corpuscles (RBC), white blood corpuscles (WBC), hemoglobin and erythrocyte sedimentation counts.Key Words: Indian Pan Masala, Narcotics, Public health, Toxicity Özet Amaç: Areka fındık ile kombine betel yaprağı pan masala (PM) ve areka fındık ile tütün, pekiştirici ve kireç gulkhand ile harmanlanmış pan masala (PMT) olarak bilinir. Bunlar genç ve yaşlı bireyler arasında popüler uyuşturucu maddelerdir. PM bir toksisite değerlendirilmesi prima facia kimyasal analiz ve farelerde uzun zamandır PM tüketimi ve sağlık riskleri arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek için gerçekleştirilmiştir. Sonuç: Deneysel çalışmalarda 16 ve 90 gün boyunca beslenen farelerde düz ve karışımlı PM farklı özlerinin kan ve organ ağırlıkları (böbrek, kalp, dalak ve karaciğer) üzerinde hiçbir etkisi yoktur, ancak ufalmış testis gözlemlemek mümkün olmuştur. Ancak, PM-Zarda karışımı ile 3 ay boyunca beslenen farelerin kemik iliğinde, kromozomlar büyük oranda etkilenmiştir. Kromozom anomalilerine ploidi, kayıp, boşluk, silinme ve halka kromozomlar içerisinde değişim dahildir. PM sperm baş anomalileri (dar, künt, üçgen ve muz ...

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Evaluation of pan masala for toxic effects on liver and other organs

Cited by 36 publications

References 9 publications

Impact of Chronic Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C on Adverse Hepatic Fibrosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Related to Betel Quid Chewing

Impact of Chronic Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C on Adverse Hepatic Fibrosis in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Related to Betel Quid Chewing

Effects of Plain and Blended Indian Pan Masala on Murine Liver

Analysis and Toxicity of Plain (PMP) and Blended (PMT) Indian Pan Masala (PM)

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