“…artificial neural network, a support vector machine, and an extreme gradient boosting machine) to model and optimise the energy-intensive unit operation (vacuum drying) in algal biofuel production. Lastly, Teh et al (2021) developed an integrated framework that combined VIKOR, which is a multicriteria decision-making tool with stability analysis. The integrated framework was used to rank candidate configurations for a palm oil ecoindustrial park that produced nanocrystalline cellulose from palm oil biomass.…”