Evaluation of p53 in breast cancer and its correlation with various histological prognostic factors

Abstract

Carcinoma of the breast is the most common non-skin malignancy in women. The p53 gene is one of the most commonly mutated genes described in human neoplasia. Mutant p53 protein has greater stability and longer half time than the wild type protein that can be detected by Immunohistochemistry. This study was conducted to evaluate the expression of p53 in breast carcinoma and its correlation with various histological prognostic markers to determine its significance as a prognostic marker in breast cancer. The prospective study included 52 modified radical mastectomy specimens diagnosed as breast cancer in the Department of Pathology at SRMSIMS, Bareilly between November 2016 and April 2018. Routine H&E staining and immunohistochemical analysis for ER, PR, Her2/neu and P53 was carried out in all the cases. Majority of the cases belonged to the age group 30-39 years and the most common cancer type was infiltrating ductal carcinoma. Significant correlation of p53 was observed with ER and PR expression, however no significant correlation could be found with tumor type, grade, size, type of margin, necrosis, stromal response, lymphovascular invasion, lymph node status and Her2/neu status.P53 was found to have a significant inverse correlation with ER and PR expression only. The results do not resolve whether detectable p53 protein expression represents a random product of dedifferentiation or an important feature of the malignant phenotype, playing a key role in tumor behavior.

To compare the expression of p53 with hormonal receptor status in breast carcinoma: An immunohistochemical study

“…In this study,out of 103 cases, 96 cases (93.2%) were of IDC-NOS type, 4 cases (3.9%) were of mucinous type, 2 cases (1.9%) were of Invasive lobular type, 1 case (1.0%) was of carcinosarcoma histological type. This was in concordance with observations of Patnayak et al [6] , Gupta et al (86.1%) [9] , Arora et al (84.6%) [1] and Sheikpour et al (84.6%) [12] . Which had IDC-NOS as the most common histological type.…”

“…In maximum number of cases, size varied from 2-5cm (74.8% cases) followed by 16 cases (15.5%) with >5cm size and 10 cases with <2cm (9.7%) size. This is in concurrence with the results obtained by Patnayak et al [6] , Piplani et al [7] , Gupta et al [19] , Arora et al [1] and Neharika et al [10] who found 79.6%, 67.7%, 63.9% and 59.6% and 53.9%. Another Study conducted by Prabhu et al showed maximum number of cases with tumour size between 2-5 cm in size [11] .…”

“…It was observed that out of 103 cases, 59 cases (57.3%) were ER-ve/ PR-ve and 38 cases (36.9%) were ER+ve/ PR+ve (Table 5). Arora et al, [1] Neharika et al, [10] Piplani et al [7] and Patnayak et al [6] reported a prevalence of 23.1%, 38.16%, 41.5% and 41.6% ER positive cases respectively. Piplani et al, [7] Arora et al [1] and Patnayak et al [6] reported 40%, 36.5% and 48.8% PR positive cases respectively.…”

“…It is a multifactorial disease comprising of different biological subtypes, diverse natural history, variable clinical, pathologic and molecular features and variable prognostic and therapeutic implications. Pathological variables like tumor size, histological type and grade, lymph node metastasis, vascular invasion, tumor cell proliferation and ductal carcinoma in situ are the prognostic predictors and also forecast the need for adjuvant therapy [1] . Screening detects some cancers before they have metastasized, hence by using screening methods such as ultrasound and mammography, conducting self-examination, the age of breast cancer incidence has reduced in the last few years [2] .…”

“…4 Mutated p53 accumulates in the nucleus of tumor cells and consequently it can be detected by immunohistochemistry. 1 Breast tumors expressing a high amount of p53 are more frequently ERve/PR-ve and are also associated with a high proliferation rate, high histological and nuclear grades, aneuploidy and poorer survival [5] .…”