Evaluation of Oxidative Damage and Antioxidant Mechanisms in COPD, Lung Cancer, and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Oxidative damage is a major contributing factor to carcinogenesis and obstructive disorders in lungs. Current evidence suggests that the inflammatory processes yield to oxidative mechanisms, which underlie COPD, lung cancer, and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). This study aimed to evaluate the oxidative damage in these diseases by evaluating the oxidative and antioxidant biomarkers. METHODS: Malondialdehyde, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine, and coenzyme Q10 levels were evaluated in the blood samples of subjects with COPD, lung cancer, and OSAS by high-pressure liquid chromatography. RESULTS: A total of 111 participants (35 females, 76 males) with OSAS (n ‫؍‬ 29), COPD (n ‫؍‬ 26), and lung cancer (n ‫؍‬ 28) and healthy controls (n ‫؍‬ 28) were included in the study. The malondialdehyde and coenzyme Q10 levels were significantly higher in all 3 diseases when compared with controls (P < .01), whereas 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine levels were only significantly higher than in healthy controls in subjects with lung cancer (P ‫؍‬ .005). The highest levels of malondialdehyde and coenzyme Q10 were determined in subjects with OSAS and lung cancer, respectively. The highest 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine levels were also observed in subjects with lung cancer, but the differences of this biomarker with other diagnoses were not statistically significant (P ‫؍‬ .56). CONCLUSION: Oxidative damage was observed in all 3 diagnoses, and, as a response to oxidative stress, antioxidant mechanisms were also active in these diseases. Malondialdehyde and 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine were found to be efficiently usable in the evaluation of oxidative damage in chronic respiratory diseases. (ClinicalTrials.gov registration NCT02406053.) Key words: malondialdehyde; 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2Ј-deoxyguanosine;coenzyme Q10; COPD; OSAS; lung cancer; oxidative damage; antioxidants. [Respir Care 2016;61(2):205-211.

Integrating Transcriptomics, Proteomics, and Metabolomics Profiling with System Pharmacology for the Delineation of Long-Term Therapeutic Mechanisms of Bufei Jianpi Formula in Treating COPD

“…The oxidative stress continuously generates reactive oxygen species, causes lipid peroxidation, and further leads to sustained inflammatory responses, which is a major contributing factor to obstructive disorders in lungs [26–28]. Glutathione (GSH) is one of the main antioxidants, which can provide antioxidant defenses by their ability to exist in reversible oxidized and reduced forms [29, 30].…”

Comorbidities in the management of patients with lung cancer

“…The association between COPD and lung cancer is explained by several mechanisms. Oxidative damage [6] and chronic inflammation enhance oncogenesis involving inflammatory mediators and DNA repair [7,8]. Moreover, the irreversible airflow obstruction that characterises COPD can lead to airborne carcinogen retention.…”

Circulating biomarkers of oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a systematic review

“…We investigated MDA levels considering only mild COPD, finding no differences between patients and controls [55] (Table 1). Some authors have analyzed MDA measuring TBA-MDA adduct with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) rather than spectrophotometer and finding a significant increase of this biomarker in COPD compared to healthy controls [56, 57] (Table 1). Moreover, measuring free MDA, not as TBA-MDA adduct, by means of HPLC using an ultraviolet spectrophotometric detector at the wavelength of 254 nm, a significant increase of this biomarker has also been found in exacerbated COPD, as well as after treatment of the exacerbation compared to healthy controls [58] (Table 1).…”

“…No significant difference in levels of DNA damage, as measured by 8-oxodG by means of ELISA [71] or HPLC [57], has been found.…”