“…Limited scientific knowledge of helminths affecting human and animal eyes challenge their diagnosis and treatment (Otranto & Eberhard, ). Among these parasites, Onchocerca lupi is a zoonotic nematode localizing to the ocular and adnexal tissues of dogs, which act as reservoir hosts (Colella et al., ; Otranto et al., ). A recent increase in O. lupi infection has been reported from dogs, cats and humans living in European (Romania, Hungary, Greece, Switzerland and Portugal), American (U.S. and Canada), Middle Eastern Asian (Iran) and Northern African (Tunisia) countries (Grácio, Richter, Komnenou, & Grácio, ).…”