International dog travelling and risk for zoonotic <i>Onchocerca lupi</i>

Colella, Vito; Lia, Riccardo Paolo; Paola, Giancarlo Di; Cortes, Hélder; Cardoso, Luı́s; Otranto, Domenico

doi:10.1111/tbed.12842

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

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“…The newly designed assay represents an improvement in the diagnosis of onchocercosis, by the detection and quantification of low mf densities from tissue samples and could provide a contribution to disease progress monitoring and to the surveillance of O . lupi -infected dogs, avoiding the introduction and/or spread of this life-threatening parasitic nematode, as well as to the identification of apparently healthy animals [ 29 , 42 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A real-time PCR tool for the surveillance of zoonotic Onchocerca lupi in dogs, cats and potential vectors

et al. 2018

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The ocular onchocercosis is caused by the zoonotic parasite Onchocerca lupi (Spirurida: Onchocercidae). A major hindrance to scientific progress is the absence of a reliable diagnostic test in affected individuals. Microscopic examination of skin snip sediments and the identification of adults embedded in ocular nodules are seldom performed and labour-intensive. A quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) assay was herein standardized for the detection of O. lupi DNA and the results compared with microscopic examination and conventional PCR (cPCR). The specificity of qPCR and cPCR was assessed by processing the most common filarial nematodes infecting dogs, skin samples from O. lupi infected (n = 35 dogs) or uninfected animals (n = 21 dogs; n = 152 cats) and specimens of potential insect vector (n = 93 blackflies; n = 59 mosquitoes/midges). The analytical sensitivity of both assays was assessed using 10-fold serial dilutions of DNA from adult specimen and from a pool of microfilariae. The qPCR on skin samples revealed an analytical specificity of 100% and a sensitivity up to 8 x 10−1 fg/2μl O. lupi adult-DNA and up to 3.6 x 10−1 pg/2μl of mfs-DNA (corresponding to 1 x 10−2 mfs/2μl). Only 9.5% O. lupi-infected skin samples were positive for cPCR with a sensitivity of 8 x 10−1 pg/2μl of DNA. Out of 152 blackflies and mosquitoes/midges, eight specimens experimentally infected (n = 1 S. erythrocephalum; n = 1 S. ornatum; n = 6 Simulium sp.) were positive by qPCR. The qPCR assay herein standardized represents an important step forward in the diagnosis of zoonotic onchocercosis caused by O. lupi, especially for the detection and quantification of low number of mfs. This assay provides a fundamental contribution for the establishment of surveillance strategies aiming at assessing the presence of O. lupi in carnivores and in insect species acting as potential intermediate hosts. The O. lupi qPCR assay will enable disease progress monitoring as well as the diagnosis of apparently clinical healthy dogs and cats.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A real-time PCR tool for the surveillance of zoonotic Onchocerca lupi in dogs, cats and potential vectors

et al. 2018

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“…Animals could be infected with Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Babesia canis, Brucella canis, Borrelia burgdorferi, Dirofilaria immitis (heartworm), Dirofilaria repens (subcutaneous worm), Echinococcus multilocularis (fox tapeworm), Echinococcus granulosus (hydatid or dog tapeworm), Ehrlichia canis, Hepatozoon canis, Leishmania infantum, Linguatula serrata (tongue worm), Onchocerca lupi, rabies, Rickettsia conorii, Strongyloides stercoralis, and Thelazia callipeda. Except B. canis, E. canis, and H. canis, the infections are zoonotic and regularly reported [192][193][194][195][196][197][198][199][200][201][202].…”

Section: Import Of Rescue Dogs and Travelling With Dogsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A One Health Perspective on the Human–Companion Animal Relationship with Emphasis on Zoonotic Aspects

Overgaauw

Vinke

Hagen

et al. 2020

IJERPH

149

137

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Over time the human–animal bond has been changed. For instance, the role of pets has changed from work animals (protecting houses, catching mice) to animals with a social function, giving companionship. Pets can be important for the physical and mental health of their owners but may also transmit zoonotic infections. The One Health initiative is a worldwide strategy for expanding collaborations in all aspects of health care for humans, animals, and the environment. However, in One Health communications the role of particularly dogs and cats is often underestimated. Objective: Evaluation of positive and negative One Health issues of the human–companion animal relationship with a focus on zoonotic aspects of cats and dogs in industrialized countries. Method: Literature review. Results: Pets undoubtedly have a positive effect on human health, while owners are increasing aware of pet’s health and welfare. The changing attitude of humans with regard to pets and their environment can also lead to negative effects such as changes in feeding practices, extreme breeding, and behavioral problems, and anthropozoonoses. For the human, there may be a higher risk of the transmission of zoonotic infections due to trends such as sleeping with pets, allowing pets to lick the face or wounds, bite accidents, keeping exotic animals, the importation of rescue dogs, and soil contact. Conclusions: One Health issues need frequently re-evaluated as the close human–animal relationship with pet animals can totally differ compared to decennia ago. Because of the changed human–companion animal bond, recommendations regarding responsible pet-ownership, including normal hygienic practices, responsible breeding, feeding, housing, and mental and physical challenges conforming the biology of the animal are required. Education can be performed by vets and physicians as part of the One Health concept.

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“…lupi infection has been reported mainly in domestic dogs and cats in the southwestern United States (4,2). However, international transportation (purchasing, adopting, and exporting) of dogs from that area has introduced this parasite into environments to which it is not endemic (7,10). We hypothesize coyotes are reservoirs for the O. lupi nematode and could spread this parasite throughout the southwestern United States.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Coyotes as Reservoirs for Onchocerca lupi, United States, 2015–2018

Roe¹,

Yaglom²,

Howard³

et al. 2020

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

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O nchocerca lupi is a species of zoonotic, filarial nematode that causes onchocerciasis in dogs, cats, and humans. It was first described in 1967 in Georgia, then part of the USSR, in the periocular tissues of a wolf (Canis lupus lupus) (1) and has been reported in dogs (C. lupus domesticus). Since 2013, increased detection of O. lupi infections in dogs and humans in the United States and Europe has renewed interest in this parasite, its geographic distribution, and the range of its natural hosts (2). The geographic distribution and prevalence of the O. lupi nematode in the United States is unknown. US veterinarians are not required to report O. lupi infections in canines, making it difficult to identify the parasite's geographic distribution. The first documented case of O. lupi infection in the United States affected a dog in California in 1991 (3); since then, O. lupi infections have been reported in dogs, cats, and humans in Arizona, California, Colorado, New Mexi

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International dog travelling and risk for zoonotic Onchocerca lupi

Cited by 19 publications

References 12 publications

A real-time PCR tool for the surveillance of zoonotic Onchocerca lupi in dogs, cats and potential vectors

A real-time PCR tool for the surveillance of zoonotic Onchocerca lupi in dogs, cats and potential vectors

A One Health Perspective on the Human–Companion Animal Relationship with Emphasis on Zoonotic Aspects

Coyotes as Reservoirs for Onchocerca lupi, United States, 2015–2018

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