Evaluation of out-of-plane deformation of masonry infill walls due to in-plane loading by digital image correlation

Photogrammetric Solution for Analysis of Out-Of-Plane Movements of a Masonry Structure in a Large-Scale Laboratory Experiment

“…In addition to this, its measurement principle-based on the emission and reception of a laser beam-within the necessity of having a dense point cloud, requires the investment of several minutes to capture the whole scene. This issue restricts the use of this technology to those cases in which the structure is completely static [3,9,13,18,19].Another potential approach for the analysis of changes and deformation in structures that does not share this restriction is photogrammetry [4,[6][7][8][10][11][12]14,15,17,[20][21][22]. This approach, in contrast to laser scanning, is relatively low-cost as it is possible to obtain reliable results by means of common digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras [6,15,16,21,22].…”

“…This property of the ability to capture several images per second makes it possible to use this technology in dynamic scenarios (e.g., shaking table tests) [7,14,17,20,[24][25][26][27]. Within this discipline, there are three strategies that are commonly applied in order to evaluate the changes that occur during a scenario: (i) digital image correlation method (DIC) [10][11][12]16]; (ii) structure from motion approach using change detection algorithms (i.e., cloud-to-cloud comparison algorithms) [15,[28][29][30]; and (iii) point-tracking approaches [14,20,23,25,26,31]. While the first two methods are able to produce full-field displacement maps, high computational time, as well as the necessity of having a good texture pattern (i.e., large variation of grey values), can hinder their application [32].…”

“…The case study selected for this purpose was a quasi-static cyclic test on full-scale two-story structures, instrumented with 200 contact type sensors. The structure was tested at the Macolab/Stevinlaboratorium of Delft University of Technology within a large experimental program [5,10,22] in support to the risk and safety assessment of residential buildings in the Groningen area (north part of the Netherlands).The article is organized as follows: after this introduction, Section 2 introduces the materials and methods used; Section 3 explains the experimental results obtained, as well as the validation of the approach; finally, Section 4 summarizes the conclusions arising from the use of the proposed photogrammetric approach in monitoring out-of-plane displacements of masonry walls during seismic events.…”

“…Another potential approach for the analysis of changes and deformation in structures that does not share this restriction is photogrammetry [4,[6][7][8][10][11][12]14,15,17,[20][21][22]. This approach, in contrast to laser scanning, is relatively low-cost as it is possible to obtain reliable results by means of common digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras [6,15,16,21,22].…”

“…The case study selected for this purpose was a quasi-static cyclic test on full-scale two-story structures, instrumented with 200 contact type sensors. The structure was tested at the Macolab/Stevinlaboratorium of Delft University of Technology within a large experimental program [5,10,22] in support to the risk and safety assessment of residential buildings in the Groningen area (north part of the Netherlands).…”