Evaluation of Osteocalcin Levels in Saliva of Periodontitis Patients and Their Correlation with the Disease Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Objectives The present study aimed to investigate osteocalcin levels in saliva of healthy and periodontitis patients and correlate these levels with periodontitis severity. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in a hospital setup. A total of 95 individuals participated in the study with 46 subjects in group I (healthy individuals) and 49 subjects in group II (mild, moderate, and severe chronic periodontitis patients). A detailed assessment of clinical periodontal parameters and alveolar bone loss was made. Unstimulated saliva samples were collected from all study subjects and osteocalcin levels were quantitatively analyzed by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent essay technique. Statistical Analysis One-way analysis of variance, Spearman’s correlation test, and Pearson’s chi-squared test were applied at a significance level of 95%. p-Values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The results showed a significant association of qualification with group II (p < 0.02). Bone loss scores were also significantly associated with periodontitis severity (p < 0.01). However, no statistically significant difference was observed between group I and group II in terms of mean salivary osteocalcin levels (p = 0.68). Also, an insignificant correlation was also observed between osteocalcin levels and periodontitis severity (p = 0.13). Conclusion The overall study results showed that there was no significant difference between saliva osteocalcin levels of healthy and periodontitis patients. Also, there was a nonsignificant correlation between osteocalcin levels and periodontitis severity. The findings of the present study support the hypothesis that low osteocalcin levels in saliva might be considered as a poor indicator of periodontal disease progression and severity.

Salivary IgA as a Useful Biomarker for Dental Caries in Down Syndrome Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

“…After further exclusion of five studies, only eight studies met the inclusion criteria for this review. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] No studies were found in the bibliographies of the included articles during manual search. The included articles consisted of six case reports, [10][11][12][13][14]16 a retrospective study, 9 and a prospective study.…”

“…12 The intracellular and extracellular pathways of saliva secretion in the oral cavity make it a diagnostic medium for many diseases such as oral cancer, periodontal diseases, dental caries, oral lichen planus, and systemic diseases. 13,14 Also, saliva has been proven as a detecting biofluid for viruses such as human immunodeficiency virus, human papillomavirus, hepatitis A, hepatitis C, Ebola, Zika, and the severe acute respiratory syndrome virus family. 15,16 Saliva contains a host of antimicrobial factors including enzymes and antibodies such as salivary immunoglobulin A (sIgA).…”

Proteomic analysis of human immunodeficiency virus and periodontitis

“…However, the mechanisms underlying periodontitis are unclear. Bacterial pathogens are associated with the onset and progression of periodontal disease [9,10]. Consideration of some of the more general aspects of microbial dental biofilm, including the development, heterogeneity, microbial succession, composition, structure, and mechanisms of dental biofilm formation, should precede the discussion of the microbial composition of the gingival crevice (subgingival dental biofilm).…”

Association between Interleukin-1β Gene Polymorphism and Chronic Periodontitis

“…3 Several cytokines or proteins, including tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin (IL-1), interleukin (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), osteocalcin, and many others have been reported to have an association with periodontal disease progression. [4][5][6] These cytokines have also been proposed as potential diagnostic or predictive biomarkers for periodontitis. Among individuals affected with chronic periodontal disease worldwide, a variable degree of different cytokines' production has been observed, and studies have been conducted to reduce their salivary concentration.…”

“…3 Several cytokines or proteins, including tumor necrosis factor, interleukin 8 (IL-8), interleukin (IL-1), interleukin (IL-6), interleukin 10 (IL-10), osteocalcin, and many others have been reported to have an association with periodontal disease progression. 4 5 6 …”