Evaluation of optimization schemes and determination of solid fuel properties for CFD fire models using bench-scale pyrolysis tests

Chaos, Marcos; Khan, Mohammed M.; Krishnamoorthy, Niveditha; Ris, John L. de; Dorofeev, S.B.

doi:10.1016/j.proci.2010.07.018

Cited by 151 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Once the model structure has been fixed, the problem becomes a parameter estimation problem, as explained in Refs. [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis Modelling of PVC Cable Materials

Matala¹,

Hostikka²

2011

Fire Saf. Sci.

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One of the most commonly used materials in electrical cables is flexible PVC. In this work, the effects of the modelling decisions and parameter estimation methods on the pyrolysis modelling of two PVC cables were studied. The kinetic and thermal parameters were estimated from TGA and cone calorimeter experiments. The role of the plasticizers was shown to be important for the early HRR. The effects of the reaction path and reaction order were only minor in the TGA results but significant effects were found in the cone calorimeter results, unless a specific set of thermal parameters was estimated. The results show that the thermal parameters estimated for one kinetic model should not be used for another, unless the kinetic models only differ in fuel yields or different pairs of kinetic coefficients with same reaction order.

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“…Once the model structure has been fixed, the problem becomes a parameter estimation problem, as explained in Refs. [4][5][6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis Modelling of PVC Cable Materials

Matala¹,

Hostikka²

2011

Fire Saf. Sci.

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“…[12,17]. Several extensions have been implemented, however, i.e., char-oxidation and surface emissivity characterization.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To obtain the material properties, the response of corrugated cardboard material is measured in bench-scale Fire Propagation Apparatus (FPA) tests under three different heat flux conditions: 25 kW/m 2 , 50 kW/m 2 , and 100 kW/m 2 . The surface temperature, fuel mass loss rate, and the cumulative mass loss are measured and used as the objective functions to determine the parameters of the pyrolysis model through inverse modeling and optimization [12]. The optimized effective properties for double-wall corrugated cardboard are listed in Table 1.…”

Section: Model Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several submodels specific to industrial fire applications have been developed and validated in a number of separate effect studies. These include gas phase turbulent flow and combustion [6,9,10], soot and radiation [11], solid pyrolysis [12], sprinkler spray characterization and transport [13,14], and surface film flows [15,16]. FireFOAM has been evaluated against test data ranging from intermediate-scale fire spread tests [17,18] to a large-scale rack storage free burn [19] and suppression experiments [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Simulation of Sprinkler Suppression of Rack Storage Fires

Wang¹,

Meredith²,

Zhou³

et al. 2014

Fire Saf. Sci.

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Fire suppression tests with ceiling sprinkler protection in a rack storage fuel configuration are simulated using a Computational Fluid Dynamics tool. The fuel is arranged in a double-row, six pallet-load wide and three-tier high (2×6×3) rack storage array. Each pallet load consists of three nested double-wall corrugated cardboard boxes surrounding a metal liner. Two types of ceiling sprinklers are used in this study: a pendent quick response sprinkler designated as K14, and an upright standard response sprinkler designated as K11.2. The tests are simulated using FireFOAM, which couples necessary sub-models for fire growth, sprinkler response, and fire suppression. Numerical results are compared with experiments for both free burn tests under a 20-MW calorimeter and sprinkler suppression tests under a 7.6 m high ceiling. For the free burn case, the model results show good quantitative agreement of heat release rates in all three phases, from ignition to fire growth and steady burning. For the suppression cases, the model reproduces the suppression effectiveness of the two sprinkler protection designs: K14 sprinklers suppress the fire rapidly with only one sprinkler activation, while with K11.2 sprinklers, both in the tests and simulation, the fire spreads to the pallets on the end of the fuel array with multiple sprinkler activations. The modeled sprinkler activation times are within the estimated experimental uncertainty following three repeat tests. Quantitative results characterizing sprinkler suppression performance obtained from the simulations, such as the actual delivered density (ADD) and water evaporation rate, are also reported.

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“…Successful examples of using the optimization techniques to determine p. 16 -24, DOI 10.247816 -24, DOI 10. /tvsbses-2014 pyrolysis parameters were presented, e.g., for wood, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and graphite by Matala (Matala, 2008), carpet material, polyester reinforced with glass fi bre and panels used in commercial aircraft manufacturing by Webster (Webster, 2009), PMMA, single-wall corrugated board and chlorinated polyvinyl chloride (CPVC) by Chaos (Chaos, 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Temperature Field Evolution in Wood Samples During the Flame Spread Experiments

Hasalová¹,

Vaněk²,

Jahoda³

2014

TRANSACTIONS of the VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Safety Engineering Series

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Abstract:Vertical, horizontal and 45° upward fl ame spread experiments over the small scale beech and pine wood samples were performed. Wood samples were of two geometries -square cross section prisms (15 x 15 mm) and a thin rectangular cross section prisms (5 x 40 mm) -and of three different lengths -10, 15 and 30 cm. Samples were ignited by a heptane source fi re extinguished immediately when the wood samples ignited. During the fl ame spread an internal temperature profi les along the centreline of the samples were measured by a set of thermocouples. Flame spread was observed in all sample positions except the horizontal orientation of the beech and pine square prism samples. Experimental data will serve for a validation of the pyrolysis models in the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) fl ame spread models.

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Evaluation of optimization schemes and determination of solid fuel properties for CFD fire models using bench-scale pyrolysis tests

Cited by 151 publications

References 21 publications

Pyrolysis Modelling of PVC Cable Materials

Pyrolysis Modelling of PVC Cable Materials

Numerical Simulation of Sprinkler Suppression of Rack Storage Fires

Temperature Field Evolution in Wood Samples During the Flame Spread Experiments

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