Evaluation of optic nerve head and peripapillary retinal blood flow in glaucoma patients, ocular hypertensives, and normal subjects

Hafez, Ali S; Bizzarro, Regina L.G; Lesk, Mark R.

doi:10.1016/s0002-9394(03)00632-9

Cited by 93 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Relating to ONH morphologic changes in glaucoma, the characteristic of increasing CD ratio has been correlated to alterations in retinal circulation using LDF. Patients with OAG have been shown to have a significantly negative correlation between neuroretinal blood flow and CD ratio [106,117,118]. However, this relationship was not present with juxtapapillary blood flow.…”

Section: Onh Morphologic Changesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Glaucoma and ocular blood flow: an anatomical perspective

Siesky

Harris²,

Amireskandari

et al. 2012

Expert Review of Ophthalmology

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Section: Onh Morphologic Changesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Glaucoma and ocular blood flow: an anatomical perspective

Siesky

Harris²,

Amireskandari

et al. 2012

Expert Review of Ophthalmology

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“…3,4 This is because, in addition to the elevated IOPs, ocular blood circulation, oxidative stress, and other mechanisms are also believed to be involved in the GON etiology. Regarding ocular blood circulation, evidence from numerous reports indicating that insufficient retinal and optic disc blood supply are involved in the GON etiology includes the following: (1) Disc hemorrhages frequently exist in patients with open-angle glaucoma (OAG) [6][7][8] ; (2) retinal vascular diseases, such as retinal vein occlusion, are frequently associated with OAG patients with OAG 10,11 ; (4) there are abnormal levels of the concentration of plasma endothelin-1 (ET-1) in patients with OAG as compared with healthy control subjects [12][13][14][15] ; (5) platelet aggregation ability is remarkably increased in patients with OAG compared with that in normal subjects. 16 As for oxidative stress, reactive oxygen species (ROS) are produced as a consequence of normal aerobic metabolism.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Black Currant Anthocyanins Normalized Abnormal Levels of Serum Concentrations of Endothelin-1 in Patients with Glaucoma

Yoshida

Ohguro

2013

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

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Purpose: Our recent study, which involved a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-masked 24-month trial (Ophthalmologica 2012;228:26-35), revealed that oral administration of black currant anthocyanins (BCACs) slowed down the visual field deterioration and elevation of ocular blood flow of open-angle glaucoma (OAG). To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of these BCAC-induced effects, as possible factors affecting glaucomatous optic neuropathy, changes of serum endothelin-1 (ET-1), nitric oxide (NO), and antioxidative activities were examined in the present study. Methods: From among patients with OAG who participated in the randomized, placebo-controlled, doublemasked trial, serum specimens were obtained from BCAC-treated (n = 19) or placebo-treated (n = 19) patients at baseline and every 6 months. Healthy volunteers (n = 20) with age and gender matching the patients were used as a control. Serum ET-1 concentration, [NO 2 -] and [NO 2 -+ NO 3 -] levels, advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), and antioxidant activities were measured by using commercially available kits. Results: At the trial baseline, serum ET-1 concentrations were significantly lower in patients with OAG (BCACs, 3.18 -1.06 pg/mL; placebo, 3.44 -0.84 pg/mL) than those in healthy volunteers (4.38 -1.03 pg/mL) (one-way analysis of variance and a Tukey's multiple comparison post hoc test, P < 0.05). Upon administration of BCACs, serum ET-1 concentrations increased to the levels of those in healthy volunteers during the 24-month period. In contrast, those of placebo-treated patients remained at lower levels (3.82 -1.14 pg/mL). While [NO 2 -] and [NO 2 -+ NO 3 -] levels, AOPP, and antioxidative activities of patients from both the BCACs and placebo groups showed comparable levels to those of healthy subjects at baseline, no significant changes were observed during the observational period in either the BCAC or placebo groups. Conclusions: Among the possible beneficial effects of BCACs toward visual field progression in patients with OAG, our present results suggest that BCACs caused normalization of serum ET-1 levels, and this may modulate ET-1-dependent regulation of the ocular blood hemodynamics.

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“…[6][7][8][9][10] Volumetric measurement of retinal blood flow gives valuable information about the disease process. [4][5][6]11,12 DOCTORC provides a practical way to estimate total retinal blood flow based on the measurements in individual vessels determined by Doppler OCT using the double circle scan pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation

Tan

Wang

Konduru

et al. 2012

JoVE

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Noncontact retinal blood flow measurements are performed with a Fourier domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system using a circumpapillary double circular scan (CDCS) that scans around the optic nerve head at 3.40 mm and 3.75 mm diameters. The double concentric circles are performed 6 times consecutively over 2 sec. The CDCS scan is saved with Doppler shift information from which flow can be calculated. The standard clinical protocol calls for 3 CDCS scans made with the OCT beam passing through the superonasal edge of the pupil and 3 CDCS scan through the inferonal pupil. This double-angle protocol ensures that acceptable Doppler angle is obtained on each retinal branch vessel in at least 1 scan. The CDCS scan data, a 3-dimensional volumetric OCT scan of the optic disc scan, and a color photograph of the optic disc are used together to obtain retinal blood flow measurement on an eye. We have developed a blood flow measurement software called "Doppler optical coherence tomography of retinal circulation" (DOCTORC). This semi-automated software is used to measure total retinal blood flow, vessel cross section area, and average blood velocity. The flow of each vessel is calculated from the Doppler shift in the vessel cross-sectional area and the Doppler angle between the vessel and the OCT beam. Total retinal blood flow measurement is summed from the veins around the optic disc. The results obtained at our Doppler OCT reading center showed good reproducibility between graders and methods (<10%). Total retinal blood flow could be useful in the management of glaucoma, other retinal diseases, and retinal diseases. In glaucoma patients, OCT retinal blood flow measurement was highly correlated with visual field loss (R 2 >0.57 with visual field pattern deviation). Doppler OCT is a new method to perform rapid, noncontact, and repeatable measurement of total retinal blood flow using widely available Fourierdomain OCT instrumentation. This new technology may improve the practicality of making these measurements in clinical studies and routine clinical practice. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at http://www.jove.com/video/3524/ Protocol 1. Protocol Text 1. Patients are scanned by RTVue Fourier-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) system (Optovue Inc., Fremont, CA, USA) using the circumpapillary double-circular scan (CDCS) and the 3D optic disc scan. 1. The CDCS pattern consists of two concentric circles around the optic nerve head. The inner ring diameter is 3.40 mm and the outer ring diameter is 3.75 mm. This pattern transects all branch retinal arteries and veins emanating from the optic nerve head. The double circles are performed 6 times in a single scan to cover about 2 cardiac cycles. To calculate Flow velocity, Doppler shift and Doppler will be estimated on vessel detected in the OCT image. (Figure 1a, Figure 1b) 2. A "dual angle" protocol is used to acquire Doppler OCT scans. In the "dual-angle" protocol, 3 scans are obtained with the OCT beam passing through the superona...

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Evaluation of optic nerve head and peripapillary retinal blood flow in glaucoma patients, ocular hypertensives, and normal subjects

Cited by 93 publications

References 42 publications

Glaucoma and ocular blood flow: an anatomical perspective

Glaucoma and ocular blood flow: an anatomical perspective

Black Currant Anthocyanins Normalized Abnormal Levels of Serum Concentrations of Endothelin-1 in Patients with Glaucoma

Doppler Optical Coherence Tomography of Retinal Circulation

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