Evaluation of non-conventional water resources supply in Jordan

Jaber, J.O.; Mohsen, Mousa S.

doi:10.1016/s0011-9164(01)00168-0

Cited by 110 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…The water pollution level, the ratio of the actual to the maximum sustainable gray WF, is found to be 1.13 (Table 4). This indicates that the gray WF in Jordan exceeds waste assimilation capacity, meaning that ambient water quality standards are violated, which confirms the widely-voiced pollution of Jordan's water resources [1,2,4,6,17,[29][30][31]. …”

Section: Water Pollution Level: Actual Versus Maximum Sustainable Gramentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Jordan is partly arid and partly semi-arid [5,6,16,17] and therefore has naturally low water availability. Climate change has caused a decline in precipitation and hence surface water flows [4,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The canals that distribute water throughout Jordan are more and more polluted by salts and other agricultural runoff [4]. Pollution of groundwater is exacerbated by overpumping, which leads to a concentration of salts and other pollutants [1,17,[29][30][31][32]. Hotspots of groundwater pollution in the regions of Amman, Zarqa, and Balqa have been mapped by Alqadi et al [33].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitigating the Risk of Extreme Water Scarcity and Dependency: The Case of Jordan

Schyns

Hamaideh

Mekonnen

et al. 2015

Water

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Jordan faces great internal water scarcity and pollution, conflict over trans-boundary waters, and strong dependency on external water resources through trade. This paper analyzes these issues and subsequently reviews options to reduce the risk of extreme water scarcity and dependency. Based on estimates of water footprint, water availability, and virtual water trade, we find that groundwater consumption is nearly double the groundwater availability, water pollution aggravates blue water scarcity, and Jordan's external virtual water import dependency is 86%. The review of response options yields 10 ingredients for a strategy for Jordan to mitigate the risks of extreme water scarcity and dependency. With respect to these ingredients, Jordan's current water policy requires a strong redirection towards water demand management. Actual implementation of the plans in the national water strategy (against existing oppositions) would be a first step. However, more attention should be paid to reducing water demand by changing the consumption pattern of Jordanian consumers. Moreover, unsustainable exploitation of the fossil Disi aquifer should soon be halted and planned desalination projects require careful consideration regarding the sustainability of their energy supply. OPEN ACCESSWater 2015, 7 5706

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Section: Water Pollution Level: Actual Versus Maximum Sustainable Gramentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mitigating the Risk of Extreme Water Scarcity and Dependency: The Case of Jordan

Schyns

Hamaideh

Mekonnen

et al. 2015

Water

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“…Ringler et al ( 2000 ) showed that the only countries with wastewater reuse for irrigation in Latin America and Caribbean were Argentina, Barbados, Brazil, Guatemala, and Jamaica, which indicates insuffi cient attention to wastewater irrigation in these regions. Jaber and Mohsen ( 2001 ) deduced in Jordan that the availability of wastewater was more than water importation and less than desalinated water and water harvesting. In some cases the most viable approach is to acknowledge irrigation as a land-based treatment method, which requires sharing of costs and responsibilities between wastewater producers, government institutions and farmers in developing countries (Martijn and Redwood 2005 ).…”

Section: Modern Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Global Experiences on Wastewater Irrigation: Challenges and Prospects

Valipour

Singh

2016

Balanced Urban Development: Options and Strategies for Liveable Cities

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The need for irrigated agriculture is growing day by day and the largest water withdrawals from renewable water resources are for irrigation. In addition, the available water resources are decreasing and we need to use non-conventional water resources for irrigation due to looming water crisis (Raschid-Sally and Jayakody, Drivers and characteristics of wastewater agriculture in developing countries: results from a global assessment. International Water Management Institute, Colombo, 35p, (IWMI Research Report 127), 2008). However, the volume of treating and using wastewater is limited due to the lack of adequate data and knowledge and/or negative effects of improper wastewater management (i.e. use of untreated wastewater). A comprehensive evaluation of what has been done is necessary in order to explore wastewater irrigation and to avoid trial-and-error policies. Although a study of wastewater irrigation from crops, soil, groundwater, health, irrigation equipments, modern technologies, and other environmental aspects is useful, management studies in comparison with other aspects can help lead to more reliable and more extensive fi ndings and fi nally a better decision on using wastewater for irrigation. The chapter presents challenges and prospects that may help decision making for the use of wastewater in irrigation.

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“…For the purpose of this paper, only published articles in Africa and developing countries will be mentioned. Jaber and Mohsen (2001) employed AHP to develop a decision support system for the evaluation and selection of potential non-convectional water resources supply in Jordan and concluded that desalination followed by rainwater harvesting was the most promising option. Miller and Belton (2014) employed a United Nations Environment Programme multi-criteria framework for climate change analysis (MCA4Climate) to investigate the use of water policy development for climate change adaptation in Yemen.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-criteria evaluation of sources for self-help domestic water supply

Nnaji

Banigo

2018

Appl Water Sci

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Two multi-criteria decision analysis methods were employed to evaluate six water sources. The analytical hierarchical process (AHP) ranked borehole highest with a rank of 0.321 followed by water board with a rank of 0.284. The other sources ranked far below these two as follows: water tanker (0.139), rainwater harvesting (0.117), shallow well (0.114) and stream (0.130). The Technique for Order Performance by Similarity to the Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) ranked water board highest with a rank of 0.865, followed by borehole with a value of 0.778. Quality and risk of contamination were found to be the most influential criteria while seasonality was the least.

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Evaluation of non-conventional water resources supply in Jordan

Cited by 110 publications

References 4 publications

Mitigating the Risk of Extreme Water Scarcity and Dependency: The Case of Jordan

Mitigating the Risk of Extreme Water Scarcity and Dependency: The Case of Jordan

Global Experiences on Wastewater Irrigation: Challenges and Prospects

Multi-criteria evaluation of sources for self-help domestic water supply

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