Evaluation of nine children with reversible posterior encephalopathy syndrome

Abstract

Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy may develop in patients who have renal insufficiency or hypertension or who are immunosuppressed. This syndrome should be recognized immediately and trigger agents can be discontinued to prevent long-term sequelae.

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome: Some novel associations

“…Renal failure, fluid retention, and some immunosuppressive drugs have also been reported as causes. [4] Despite an extensive search, we could not find any aetiological association of PRES with strangulation, drowning, red cell transfusion for thalassaemia or TENS.…”

“…Since then, a few case reports and some case series have been published. [3][4][5][6] The most frequently implicated cause of PRES is a hypertensive crisis. Renal failure, fluid retention, and some immunosuppressive drugs have also been reported as causes.…”

A Pediatric Case Presented with Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Due to Cystinosis: Case Report

“…Otherwise, the vasogenic brain edema turns into cytotoxic brain edema and consequently causes permanent brain injury and neurological sequelae. 4 Infection and/or inflammation are some of other etiologic factors in the pathogenesis of PRES. The septic shock response likely reflects systemic toxicity similar to systemic inflammatory response syndrome or multiorgan dysfunction syndrome and bacteremia, or endotoxins/exotoxins are considered as potential triggers.…”

“…3 Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) is a clinic-radiographic entity of heterogeneous etiologies that are grouped together because of similar findings on neuro-imaging and associated symptom complex of headache, vision loss, altered mentation, and seizures. 4 Although usually considered benign and reversible, characteristics of this syndrome in pediatric patients remain obscure. However, not all cases are reversible, and if left untreated, it may be fatal.…”

Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome complicating diabetic ketoacidosis

“…The most common clinical features are headache, altered sensorium and seizures 2 . According to our knowledge there is only a single reported case of PRES associated with diabetes ketoacidosis (DKA) in a child 3 .…”