“…EEG-NFB is widely believed to work predominantly through operant conditioning, a type of associative learning whereby the probability of some given electrical behavior is modified via a temporally associated reinforcing stimulus (Alkoby, Abu-Rmileh, Shriki, & Todder, 2018;Enriquez-Geppert, Huster, & Herrmann, 2017;Orndorff-Plunkett et al, 2017). Although the use of EEG-NFB for IDs in routine clinical psychiatric practice has yet to receive widespread support (Arns et al, 2017;Begemann, Florisse, van Lutterveld, Kooyman, & Sommer, 2016;Omejc, Rojc, Battaglini, & Marusic, 2019), there is substantial evidence that EEG-NFB is efficacious (e.g., Askovic et al, 2019;Bell, Moss, & Kallmeyer, 2019;Cheon et al, 2017;Chiba et al, 2019;Hou et al, 2021;Noohi, Miraghaie, Arabi, & Nooripour, 2017;Orndorff-Plunkett et al, 2017;Panisch & Hai, 2018;Reiter, Andersen, & Carlsson, 2016;Ros et al, 2017;Schoenberg & David, 2014;Tolin, Davies, Moskow, & Hofmann, 2020;van der Kolk et al, 2016;Wang et al, 2019).…”