Evaluation of Natural Compounds of Plant Origin for Inactivation of Enteric Viruses

Abstract

Essential oils (EOs) and some of their main compounds have demonstrated extensive antimicrobial activity in a wide range of food spoilage or pathogenic fungi, yeast and bacteria. The aim of this study was to assess the antiviral activity of Zataria multiflora Boiss. (zataria) and Origanum vulgare (oregano) EOs on hepatitis A virus (HAV) and the effect of thymol, an active compound of Thymus vulgaris and oregano, on norovirus surrogates, feline calicivirus (FCV) and murine norovirus (MNV), and HAV. Initially, each virus at titers of ca. 6 log TCID/ml was exposed to different concentrations of natural compounds and incubated for 2 h at 37 °C. Treatment with oregano and zataria EOs resulted in slight reductions on HAV infectivity with a maximum reduction of less than 0.5 log TCID/ml at 0.1 % zataria EO. Thymol was effective in reducing the titers of norovirus surrogates in a dose-dependent manner. Concentrations of thymol at 0.5 and 1 % reduced FCV titers to undetectable levels, while for MNV, thymol at concentrations of 1 and 2 % resulted in reductions of 1.66 and 2.45 log TCID/ml, respectively. However, for HAV, no effect was observed at any of the concentrations tested. These results improve the knowledge about the antiviral activity of EO and their compounds and their potential in food sanitation.

Antiviral properties of silver nanoparticles against norovirus surrogates and their efficacy in coated polyhydroxyalkanoates systems

“…After 24 h exposure, no infectious FCV 317 were recovered when in contact with the AgNP films while MNV titers decreased by 0.86 318 log TCID 50 /mL (Table 1). As for other natural compounds AgNP-films exerted the 319 strongest antiviral effect at 37°C (Sánchez & Aznar, 2015). 320…”

Essential Oils in the Development of New Medicinal Products

“…In addition to the aforementioned antimicrobial activities, there are plants that have significant antiviral properties, for example: Origanum vulgare anti-viral inactivation of enteric virus [34]; Eucalyptus globulus (Eucalyptus oil) activity against respiratory viruses [35]; Salvia fruticosa, antiviral activities [36], among Essential Oils in the Development of New Medicinal Products DOI: http://dx.doi.org /10.5772/intechopen.86572 other. It is believed that the inhibition of viral replication is attributed to the presence of the monoterpene, sesquiterpene and phenylpropanoid components of the EOs [37].…”

Polymers and Biopolymers with Antiviral Activity: Potential Applications for Improving Food Safety

“…Of interest for future investigation to develop active antiviral materials are, for instance, clove, oregano, and zataria essential oils, as they have demonstrated interesting antiviral activity against norovirus surrogates (MNV and FCV) and HAV, as well as some main essential oil compounds, such as thymol and carvacrol (Elizaquível, Azizkhani, Aznar, & Sánchez, ; Sánchez & Aznar, ; Sánchez et al., ). Moreover, essential oils have demonstrated antimicrobial properties when incorporated into packaging films (Kashiri et al., ; Maisanaba et al., ; Randazzo et al., ; Requena, Jiménez, Vargas, & Chiralt, ) and antifungal activities (Mateo et al., ).…”