Evaluation of molecular imprinted polymerized methylene blue/aptamer as a novel hybrid receptor for Cardiac Troponin I (cTnI) detection at glassy carbon electrodes modified with new biosynthesized ZnONPs

Molecularly Imprinting–Aptamer Techniques and Their Applications in Molecular Recognition

“…Mokhtari et al [ 29 ] fabricated MIP–aptamer to capture cardiac troponin I for imprinting recognition. First, amino terminus cardiac troponin I aptamers was bound to the surfaces of COOH-ZnO nanoparticle-modified GCEs through covalent immobilization, and then methylene blue functional monomers were electropolymerized around the cardiac troponin–aptamer complexes.…”

Lys-AuNPs@MoS2 Nanocomposite Self-Assembled Microfluidic Immunoassay Biochip for Ultrasensitive Detection of Multiplex Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Diseases

“…In cases of acute myocardial injury and necrosis, the myocardial enzymes cTnI and cTnT are released into the blood. The severity of myocardial enzyme increase is significantly related to the scope of myocardial injury and necrosis. − CTnI and cTnT begin to increase at 3–4 h after the onset of myocardial infarction . NT-BNP is an important biomarker for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of heart failure.…”

“…Serum biomarker detection in clinical applications has attracted extensive attention, At present, the usual techniques to detect serum biomarkers are chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA), 1 1 , 1 2 electrochemical immunoassay (ECLIA), 1 3 , 1 4 surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), 15,16 and the traditional enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA). 17,18 However, in order to improve the detection performance, including sensitivity, reliability, detection time, and cost, nanomaterial-based sensors have been intensively investigated in clinical diagnosis due to their physical and chemical properties.…”

Cortisol Detection in Undiluted Human Serum Using a Sensitive Electrochemical Structure-Switching Aptamer over an Antifouling Nanocomposite Layer

“…Currently, cortisol is detected via a spectrophotometric (absorbance or fluorometric) assay, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy (LC-MS), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), or surface plasmon resonance (SPR). , These techniques tend to be time-consuming, require skilled personnel, and are instrument-dependent, leaving them laboratory-bound. Recently, electrochemical-based assays have gained popularity due to their low cost, high sensitivity, and high level of integration, especially in portable form factors. − While most electrochemical techniques use an assay similar to ELISAs, a new format using affinity reagents with conformation-changing properties is appealing since the electroactive reporter can be directly conjugated to the probe molecule, removing the need for a second recognition element. − Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides developed through systemic evaluation of ligand by exponential enrichment process (SELEX) with a high affinity toward the target molecule . They have advantages in terms of stability, cost, shelf-life, and ease of chemical modifications compared to traditional antibody-based systems. , Furthermore, aptamers can be engineered to have a conformation-switching property that allows them to modulate the label’s position during a binding event when labeled with a redox-active molecule. ,, These properties make conformation-changing aptamers attractive for wash-free, reagent-less, continuous monitoring applications.…”