Evaluation of mineral content and heavy metals of dromedary camel milk in Iran

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the amount of major mineral compounds and heavy metals of camel milk in Iran. For this purpose camel milk samples were collected from seven regions of Iran include Qazvin, Golestan, Semnan, Sistan-Baluchestan, Khuzestan, Bushehr and Tehran. The samples were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES) method. The results showed that among the mineral contents, iron and zinc of camel milk were greater than bovine milk. Based on the codex standard 193-2007 standards, the maximum acceptable limit for lead and cadmium is 20 µg/kg and 10 µg/kg, respectively. The results of this study showed that the measured amounts of lead, cadmium and nickel in all samples were less than the acceptable limit for bovine milk. Bovine milk and dairy products are a poor source of iron, while the obtained data revealed that camel milk is a major source of minerals, especially iron. The camel milk's iron was 10 times more than bovine milk. However, variations in mineral content in camel milk could be due to feed, stage of lactation, milk collection time, drought conditions, environmental conditions and associated analytical methods. Camel milk recommended as a valuable source of food for the human.Keywords: camel milk; mineral element; heavy metal; Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP).Practical Application: This study allows knowing the amount of some mineral content and heavy metals of camel milk in Iran.

Lead and cadmium levels in raw bovine milk and dietary risk assessment in areas near petroleum extraction industries

“…Our results showed the values of lead in the cow milk samples were in agreement with those reported from Turkey (Simsek et al, 2000;Ayar et al, 2009), Croatia (Pavlovic et al, 2004;Bilandzic et al, 2011), and several times higher than those reported from India (Tripathi et al, 1999;Dhanalakshmi and Gawdaman, 2013), Thailand (Parkpian et al, 2003), Italy (Licata et al, 2004), South Africa (Ataro et al, 2008), Spain (Gonzalez-Montaña et al, 2012), Greece (Gougoulias et al, 2014), and Iran (Najarnezhad and Akbarabadi, 2013;Najarnezhad et al, 2015;Mostafidi et al, 2016). Although they are inferior, to those investigated in Italy (Coni et al, 1995;Caggiano et al, 2005;Anastasio et al, 2006), India (Swarup et al, 2005), Romania (Serdaru et al, 2001),…”

“…Spain (Sola-Larrañaga and Navarro-Blasco, 2009), France (Maas et al, 2011), Sudan (Abdalla et al, 2013), Iran (Najarnezhad and Akbarabadi, 2013;Mostafidi et al, 2016) and Pakistan (Batool et al, 2016).…”

Concentrations of Cadmium, Lead and Mercury in Raw Bovine, Ovine, Caprine, Buffalo and Camel Milk

“…Higher concentrations of toxic heavy metals in spring milk may be due to the differences in feeding patterns of dairy animals in Iran, differences in the amount of soil ingested by animals and vegetation types in different seasons, differences in the amounts of rainfall in various seasons and finally using chemical Table 4. Standard allowed limit concentrations of Cd, Pb and Hg in milk samples [13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21].…”

Characterization of physicochemical composition, microbiology, sensory evaluation and microscopical attributes of sweetened condensed milk

“…Despite the recent researches on dairy technology, science and nutrition (Akal & Yetişemiyen, 2016;Barbosa et al, 2013;Bosso et al, 2016;Hamoudi-Belarbi et al, 2016;Mostafidi et al, 2016;Rangel et al, 2016;Sales et al, 2016), there are few information's published on the sweetened condensed milk subject.…”