Concentrations of Cadmium, Lead and Mercury
in Raw Bovine, Ovine, Caprine, Buffalo
and Camel Milk

Parsaei, Pouya; Rahimi, Ebrahim; Shakerian, Amir

doi:10.15244/pjoes/94809

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…In the milk samples of shops, the maximum concentration of Pb was found in July (216.9 ± 0.810 mg/L), followed by October (24.11 ± 6.687 mg/L) and August (14.00 ± 4.041 mg/L), and the lowest was observed in June (3.600 ± 1.610 mg/L). The measured levels of Pb in the present study were comparatively higher than those reported earlier in Italy [ 48 ], Egypt [ 49 , 50 ], Azerbaijan [ 51 ], and Iran [ 53 , 54 ]. Lead can affect all organs/systems in the human body, especially the central nervous system [ 64 ] and may cause death by interfering with the cardiovascular system [ 65 ].…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 88%

“…The measured levels of Cd in buffalo milk collected from homes and shops of different localities in Abbottabad were relatively higher than the previously reported levels in the same type of milk from Italy [ 48 ], Egypt [ 49 , 50 ], Azerbaijan [ 51 ], and Pakistan [ 52 ]. However, in the present study, the average concentration of Cd was less than the reported levels in buffalo milk from Iran [ 53 , 54 , 55 ].…”

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 85%

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Evaluation of Potentially Toxic Trace Metals and Associated Health Risk Assessment in Buffalo Milk

Rafiq

Shah

Mohany

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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The contamination of toxic trace metals in the food chain is one of the major threats to human health. Milk is part of a balanced diet, which is essential for proper growth, but the ingestion of contaminated milk may cause chronic health disorders. The present study is focused on the assessment of contamination of toxic trace metals in buffalo milk and the associated health risks to the consumers of Abbottabad, Pakistan. Standard analytical methods were employed to quantify the metal contents in the milk samples collected from various shops and homes in the months from June 2021 to October 2021. Health risk assessment was accomplished by computing estimated daily intake (EDI), health risk index (HRI), target hazard quotient (THQ), hazard index (HI), and target cancer risk (TCR). On a comparative basis, the mean concentration of Cr was found to be highest in both shop and home milk samples (101.3 ± 45.33 and 54.11 ± 24.20 mg/L, respectively), followed by Pb, Zn, Ni, and Cd levels. In buffalo milk collected from homes, the highest concentration of the metals was found in October, followed by July, September, June, and August. In shop milk, the increasing trend of metal contents was July > October > September > June > August. Significantly strong positive relationships were noted between the metal concentrations in the milk samples. Multivariate cluster analysis and principal component analysis exhibited significant anthropogenic contributions of the metals in buffalo milk. Mostly, the EDI and HRI values were exceeding the recommended limits; however, THQ, HI, and TCR showed that the intake of these metals through milk consumption was within the safe limit and thus revealed no significant carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic risks to the consumers. It is high time to ensure the continuous monitoring of organic/inorganic toxins in the milk and concerned authorities should take strict measures to control the contamination of milk and other food products.

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Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 88%

Section: Resultscontrasting

confidence: 85%

Evaluation of Potentially Toxic Trace Metals and Associated Health Risk Assessment in Buffalo Milk

Rafiq

Shah

Mohany

et al. 2022

IJERPH

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“…In another study, a high value of lead (30 μg/L) was observed again, whereas 2 μg/L of cadmium was lower than the acceptable limit (5 μg/L) ( 15 ). More recently, heavy metals have been detected in camel milk in Nigeria ( 16 , 17 ), Iran ( 18 ), Kenya ( 19 ), and Pakistan ( 20 ).…”

Section: The Camel Milk a “Natural Product”?mentioning

confidence: 99%

What are the challenges for implementing an “organic label” to camel milk?

Konuspayeva,

Faye,

Nurseitova

et al. 2023

Front. Nutr.

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Increasing demand for camel’s milk worldwide occurred in the context of the development of the organic sector in agriculture. The implementation of an organic label for camel milk has never been established. However, the creation of such a label faces to important challenges that are investigated in the present paper. Indeed, although camel milk conveys the image of a “natural product” issued from remote places, the risk of being produced in contaminated areas (mining activities, oil extraction) cannot be neglected for grazing animals. Moreover, the management of veterinary drugs for prevention or curative treatment can lead to the presence of residues in milk, especially in camel species with different pharmacokinetics, although similar instructions than for cow milk are used. Moreover, the lack of international standards regarding both composition and hygienic rules, the risks of adulteration, and the necessity to use specific indicators or analytical procedures adapted to the behavior of camel milk, have to be taken in account in the establishment of the specifications for the camel milk producers through the world.

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“…Heavy metal contamination in soil has become a severe issue around the world in recent years as a result of anthropogenic activities [1,2]. Cd is recognized as one of the most toxic and carcinogenic metals in soil, which may transfer from plants to human body by dietary intake exposure [3][4][5]. Various techniques were available to remediate the heavy metal-polluted soil.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of pH on the Particulate-Bound Cd Speciation and Uptake by Plants

Lian¹,

Ma²,

Li³

et al. 2022

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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The speciation of heavy metals in soil is a better indicator for assessing the bioavailability than the total concentration. Soil pH is a vital factor influencing the particulate-bound metal speciation and the metal dynamics at rhizosphere soil-root interface. In this study, greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to reveal the influence of pH on the speciation of cadmium (Cd) in solid phase of soil and the amount of Cd uptake by different ecotype plants. The results illustrated that the exchangeable Cd decreased obviously with the increase of soil pH, while the residual Cd displayed the reverse. The amount of Cd uptake by plants increased with pH decreased, and pH 5.5 exhibited the optimum for plants growth and metal uptake. Furthermore, the biomass and uptake capability of the hyperaccumulator plants (Sedum alfredii and Beta vulgaris var. cicla L with red leaves) were higher than the corresponding non-hyperaccumulator plants. Results indicated that the pH decrease and rhizosphere effects of hyperaccumulator could facilitate the activation of Cd and enhance the phytoremediation efficiency significantly.

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Concentrations of Cadmium, Lead and Mercury in Raw Bovine, Ovine, Caprine, Buffalo and Camel Milk

Cited by 12 publications

References 18 publications

Evaluation of Potentially Toxic Trace Metals and Associated Health Risk Assessment in Buffalo Milk

Evaluation of Potentially Toxic Trace Metals and Associated Health Risk Assessment in Buffalo Milk

What are the challenges for implementing an “organic label” to camel milk?

Influence of pH on the Particulate-Bound Cd Speciation and Uptake by Plants

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