Evaluation of measurement method for carbon fiber length using an optical image scanner

Terada, Mariko; Yamanaka, Akihiro; Kimoto, Yukitane; Shimamoto, Daisuke; Hotta, Yuji; Ishikawa, Takashi

doi:10.1080/09243046.2018.1438838

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…In order to spread the fibers and obtain more accurate readings, the prepared films are folded together with a neat polymer film, melted and pressed again, in that way dispersing the fibers (Figure 2). A specimen prepared in this way is big enough to be statistically significant, as it contains several thousand fibers [22]. Compression of the composite materials is conducted by gradually applying pressure (increasing the pressure by 5 bar every 10 s up to 30 bar, obtaining a sample film thickness of about 200 microns) once the matrix is completely melted, to avoid or reduce the shear effects that can influence the shortening or separation of the fibers.…”

Section: Description Of the Developed Methodology 211 Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an alternative to the rough hand-measuring methods and expensive automated equipment, this article presents a new approach based on affordable optical scanning methods (as also proposed in other works [21,22]), and the open-source software ImageJ2 [23]. This measurement method provides a statistically significant number of measurements at each sampling (thousands of data points per sample) and has been tested for the study of giant reed (Arundo donax L.) fibers during processing.…”

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confidence: 99%

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A New Image Analysis Assisted Semi-Automatic Geometrical Measurement of Fibers in Thermoplastic Composites: A Case Study on Giant Reed Fibers

et al. 2023

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This work describes a systematic method for the analysis of the attrition and residual morphology of natural fibers during the compounding process by twin-screw extrusion. There are several methods for the assessment of fiber lengths and morphology, although they are usually based on the use of non-affordable apparatus or time-consuming methods. In this research, the variation of morphological features such as the length, diameter and aspect ratio of natural fibers were analyzed by affordable optical scanning methods and open-source software. This article presents the different steps to perform image acquisition, refining and measurement in an automated way, achieving statistically representative results, with thousands of fibers analyzed per scanned sample. The use of this technique for the measurement of giant reed fibers in polyethylene (PE) and polylactide (PLA)-based composite materials has proved that there are no significant differences in the output fiber morphology of the compound, regardless of the fiber feed sizes, extruder scale, or the polymer used as matrix. The ratio of fiber introduced for the production of composites also did not significantly affect the final fiber size. The greatest reduction in size was obtained in the first kneading zone during compounding. Pelletizing or injection molding did not significantly modify the fiber size distribution.

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Section: Description Of the Developed Methodology 211 Sample Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

A New Image Analysis Assisted Semi-Automatic Geometrical Measurement of Fibers in Thermoplastic Composites: A Case Study on Giant Reed Fibers

et al. 2023

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“…6 Thus, with the aim of keeping the methodology as simple as possible, a facile and replicable procedure was employed to overcome this issue based on previously developed work. 7 From which numerous length measurements of OPEFB fibers were obtained-far more than the number recommended for accurate characterization of fiber length distribution (at least 2000 measurements 8 )-along with a statistical analysis of the distribution followed by the fiber length data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A two‐stage analysis for the role of fiber size in terms of length distribution on the performance under accelerated weathering tests of oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber‐reinforced vinyl acrylic composites

Aguilar,

Tenemaza,

Valle

et al. 2023

Polymer Composites

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The performance of natural fiber‐reinforced polymer composites (NFRPCs) can be markedly affected by fiber length, to the extent that a sole mean value and standard deviation fail to accurately represent its overall dispersion. Hence, measuring the variability of fiber length is crucial to comprehend its influence on the properties of the resulting composites. Unfortunately, few studies have been conducted on this topic. This work consisted of two research stages: the first related to the effect of both fiber length distribution and processing temperature on the properties of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) fiber‐reinforced vinyl acrylic composites, while the second stage analyzed the influence of the fiber length distribution on the material performance under accelerated weathering tests. Broadly, composites were characterized by tensile mechanical testing, optical microscopy and SEM, FTIR spectroscopy, TGA, and microbiological analysis. The key results showed that processing the material at temperatures surpassing 75°C did not lead to a homogenous phase between the components, rendering it unworthy of consideration. Furthermore, composites containing the longest OPEFB fibers exhibited the lowest elongation‐at‐break values. Regarding the incidence of aging treatments, pronounced effects were observed in those composites exposed to UV radiation and salt fog. In detail, the elongation at break decreased by up to 34%, while the tensile strength increased by up to 1 MPa, and Young's modulus rose by up to 17%. Finally, two fungal genera, Fusarium sp. and Rhizophydium sp., were identified on the OPEFB fibers; nevertheless, no fungal growth was observed on the composites.Highlights Natural reinforcement/filler size measured as fiber length distribution. Effect of fiber length distribution on composite performance. Composite performance after accelerated weathering tests.

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Image Based Measurement of Individual Fiber Lengths for Randomly Oriented Short Fiber Composites

et al. 2022

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Among a wide range of fiber-reinforced composites, those with randomly oriented short fibers, which are also known as random-chopped fiber-reinforced composites (RaFCs), are the most common composites owing to its ease of manufacturing, flexibility of composite shapes, and good material properties, including light weight and high stiffness. These properties of RaFCs are involved with the lengths and distributions of fibers inside the composites. However, inspecting the fiber lengths and distribution remains a challenging problem, particularly when the lengths and locations of individual fibers need to be distinguished using only X-ray transmission images. The main difficulty arises from the variety of fiber widths and their frequent intersections. To address this problem, this paper proposes a comprehensive software system to localize fibers and measure their lengths. Our system is inspired by a previous work for tracing human hair strands. To adopt the previous method for RaFCs, our system extends classic Gabor filter to explore the locally best parameter sets to suit different fiber shapes. With this adaptive filter, we can extract the locations and orientations of local fibers more robustly for RaFCs. Then individual fibers are traced by solving an initial value problem of an ordinary differential equation. To avoid erroneous tracing which typically occurs at intersections, our method traces only the non-intersecting parts of the fibers initially. After that, we connect the fiber segments using the proximity of their endpoints and the orientations. Through experimental validations on different fiber samples, we demonstrate the stability of the fiber tracing and the robustness of the fiber length calculation. Our system works properly even for X-ray radiographic images of heavily tangled fibers in carbon-fiber-reinforced thermoplastic laminates taken by X-ray Talbot–Lau interferometer.

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Evaluation of measurement method for carbon fiber length using an optical image scanner

Cited by 9 publications

References 11 publications

A New Image Analysis Assisted Semi-Automatic Geometrical Measurement of Fibers in Thermoplastic Composites: A Case Study on Giant Reed Fibers

A New Image Analysis Assisted Semi-Automatic Geometrical Measurement of Fibers in Thermoplastic Composites: A Case Study on Giant Reed Fibers

A two‐stage analysis for the role of fiber size in terms of length distribution on the performance under accelerated weathering tests of oil palm empty fruit bunch fiber‐reinforced vinyl acrylic composites

Image Based Measurement of Individual Fiber Lengths for Randomly Oriented Short Fiber Composites

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