Evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by pulsed Doppler tissue imaging in mice

Schaefer, Arnd; Klein, Gunnar; Brand, Brigitte; Lippolt, Peter; Drexler, Helmut; Meyer, Gerd Peter

doi:10.1067/s0894-7317(03)00679-5

Cited by 66 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The three basic velocity waveforms include two in the early and late diastole (E a and A a , respectively) and one in systole (S a ). Normal peak endocardial velocities in the mice average 3.4 Ϯ 0.1 cm/s, and epicardial averages are 2.3 Ϯ 0.2 cm/s (56). A decrease in the E a -to-A a ratio indicates diastolic dysfunction.…”

Section: Regional Ventricular Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The relationship between LV wall stress and ratecorrected velocity of fiber shortening (10), LV pressure-volume assessment, and LV systolic rotation using MRI (25) provides valuable, load-independent analysis of LV contractility. However, the ease of availability and superior temporal resolution of echocardiography makes it attractive for a loadindependent assessment of ventricular function (56,77) with clinical utility. In addition to MPI (described above), using one A and B, top).…”

Section: Regional Ventricular Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…LV, left ventricular. function in small animal models (17,33,56). Impaired relaxation, pseudonormalization, and restriction depict abnormal ventricular filling patterns (21) and have been used to characterize the abnormal phenotype of numerous genetic and surgical mouse models, including the phospholamban knockout and mutant mice (62).…”

Section: Evaluation Of Cardiac Function In Murine Heartsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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New approaches in small animal echocardiography: imaging the sounds of silence

Ram

Mickelsen

Theodoropoulos

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

117

132

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Systolic and diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle (LV) is a hallmark of most cardiac diseases. In vivo assessment of heart function in animal models, particularly mice, is essential to refining our understanding of cardiovascular disease processes. Ultrasound echocardiography has emerged as a powerful, noninvasive tool to serially monitor cardiac performance and map the progression of heart dysfunction in murine injury models. This review covers current applications of small animal echocardiography, as well as emerging technologies that improve evaluation of LV function. In particular, we describe speckle-tracking imaging-based regional LV analysis, a recent advancement in murine echocardiography with proven clinical utility. This sensitive measure enables an early detection of subtle myocardial defects before global dysfunction in genetically engineered and rodent surgical injury models. Novel visualization technologies that allow in-depth phenotypic assessment of small animal models, including perfusion imaging and fetal echocardiography, are also discussed. As imaging capabilities continue to improve, murine echocardiography will remain a critical component of the investigator's armamentarium in translating animal data to enhanced clinical treatment of cardiovascular diseases. murine echocardiography; systolic and diastolic function; speckle-tracking imaging; strain analysis; heart failure THIS ARTICLE is part of a collection on Assessing Cardiovascular Function in Mice: New Developments and Methods. Other articles appearing in this collection, as well as a full archive of all collections, can be found online at http://ajpheart.physiology.org/.Rodents are invaluable models for cardiovascular research, in part because of the extensive knowledge of their genome, homogeneity of study population, reproducible pathological phenotypes, and relative ease of creating genetically modified models. Surgical techniques that induce myocardial overload, infarction, and dysfunction in mice and rats have enabled a reliable identification and assessment of key physiological, molecular, and biochemical mechanisms of cardiovascular diseases (43). With the use of noninvasive imaging tools such as ultrasound echocardiography, cardiovascular evaluation of rodents has further led to the translational development of new diagnostic techniques and therapeutic strategies to predict and prevent cardiovascular disease complications in humans (82).Echocardiography remains a gold standard for a reliable assessment of cardiovascular structure and function in humans (19). The technology's allure lies primarily in its portability, relative affordability, widespread availability, noninvasive nature, and rapid real-time imaging capabilities. With advancements in clinical echocardiography, the technicalities and conceptual framework of the methodology and equipment have been extended from humans to small animals. Ultrasound imaging greatly facilitates the evaluation of cardiac function in transgenic animals, as well as surgically induced ...

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Section: Regional Ventricular Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Regional Ventricular Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Evaluation Of Cardiac Function In Murine Heartsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

New approaches in small animal echocardiography: imaging the sounds of silence

Ram

Mickelsen

Theodoropoulos

et al. 2011

American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology

117

132

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…12 We have recently reported high reproducibility with this approach in mice. 12 The observer was blinded to the experimental group assignment.…”

Section: Echocardiographic Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Allopurinol Attenuates Left Ventricular Remodeling and Dysfunction After Experimental Myocardial Infarction

et al. 2004

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Background-Accumulating evidence suggests a critical role for increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in left ventricular (LV) remodeling and dysfunction after myocardial infarction (MI). Increased expression of xanthine oxidase (XO), a major source of ROS, has recently been demonstrated in experimental and clinical heart failure; however, a potential role for LV remodeling processes remains unclear. We therefore studied the effect of long-term treatment with allopurinol, a potent XO inhibitor, on myocardial ROS production and LV remodeling and dysfunction after MI. Methods and Results-Mice with extensive anterior MI (nϭ105) were randomized to treatment with either vehicle or allopurinol (20 mg · kg Ϫ1 · d Ϫ1 by gavage) for 4 weeks starting on day 1 after surgery. Infarct size was similar among the groups. XO expression and activity were markedly increased in the remote myocardium of mice after MI, as determined by electron spin resonance spectroscopy. Myocardial ROS production was increased after MI but markedly reduced after allopurinol treatment. Importantly, allopurinol treatment substantially attenuated LV cavity dilatation and dysfunction after MI, as assessed by echocardiography, and markedly reduced myocardial hypertrophy and interstitial fibrosis. Conclusion-The present study reveals a novel beneficial effect of treatment with allopurinol, ie, a marked attenuation of LV remodeling processes and dysfunction after experimental MI. Allopurinol treatment therefore represents a potential novel strategy to prevent LV remodeling and dysfunction after MI.

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“…After sedation with a combination of ketamin (100 mg/ kg) and xylazine (1.25 mg/kg) i.p., echocardiograms were obtained 1 day before and 27 days after MI by one investigator who was blinded to the study groups, as described previously [18]. Mice were fixed supine in a left lateral position on a heated table and shaved at the precordium.…”

Section: Echocardiographic Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haematopoietic stem cells improve cardiac function after infarction without permanent cardiac engraftment

Limbourg

Ringes-Lichtenberg

Schaefer

et al. 2005

European J of Heart Fail

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Background: Transplantation of bone marrow derived adult stem cells (BMC) improves cardiac function after acute myocardial infarction (MI). However, the cell population mediating myocardial recovery and the fate of the transplanted cells are still controversial. Aims: We determined the effects of Sca-1 + c-kit + lin À haematopoietic BMC on cardiac function after MI and the cell fate after transplantation. Methods: Sca-1 + c-kit + lin À BMC of male donor C57BL/6 mice were transplanted by intravenous injection into syngenic females after permanent MI. LV dimensions and function were determined by echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, transplanted BMC were identified by Y chromosome DNA in situ hybridization. Results: BMC treatment completely prevented LV dilation (LV enddiastolic volume BMC 70 T 16 Al vs. control 122 T 41 Al; p < 0.05) and improved fractional shortening (BMC 22.9 T 8% vs. control 15.4 T 8.4%; p < 0.05) and ejection fraction (BMC 68.2 T 6.6% vs. control 52 T 14.3%, p < 0.05) as early as 3 days after transplantation, but did not decrease infarct size (BMC 27 T 6% vs. control 28 T 7%, p = n.s.). After 4 weeks, only sporadic cells of male origin were identified in infarcted hearts (<0.01% of periinfarct cells). Conclusion: Intravenous injection of sca-1 + c-kit + lin À BMC after MI improves LV dimensions and function without evidence for long term engraftment.

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Evaluation of left ventricular diastolic function by pulsed Doppler tissue imaging in mice

Cited by 66 publications

References 30 publications

New approaches in small animal echocardiography: imaging the sounds of silence

New approaches in small animal echocardiography: imaging the sounds of silence

Allopurinol Attenuates Left Ventricular Remodeling and Dysfunction After Experimental Myocardial Infarction

Haematopoietic stem cells improve cardiac function after infarction without permanent cardiac engraftment

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