Evaluation of Laser In Situ Scattering Instrument for Measuring Concentration of Phytoplankton, Purple Sulfur Bacteria, and Suspended Inorganic Sediments in Lakes

Serra, Teresa; Colomer, Jordi; Cristina, Xavier P.; Vilà, Xavier; Arellano, Juan B.; Casamitjana, Xavier

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9372(2001)127:11(1023)

Cited by 49 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…In an earlier study, profiles of particle concentrations obtained by LISST-100 and flow cytometry showed good agreement (Serra et al 2001). This is not surprising, given that both methods rely on a measurement of near-forward light scattering.…”

Section: Fig 2 As Inmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…An exception is a study by Serra et al (2001) that demonstrates the utility of the LISST-100 in detecting and estimating concentrations of purple sulfur bacteria in lakes and measuring their vertical distributions (Serra et al 2003a). The LISST-100 was also applied to study effects of turbulence on vertical and horizontal distributions of phytoplankton (Serra et al 2003b).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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LISST‐100 measurements of phytoplankton size distribution: evaluation of the effects of cell shape

Karp‐Boss

Azevedo

Boss

2007

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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Information on cell size is central to studies of phytoplankton ecology, yet in situ measurements of particle size distribution remain a challenge. The LISST‐100 (Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissometry; Sequoia Scientific, Inc.) is one of few commercially available instruments that provide autonomous measurements of size distributions of suspended particles in situ. Its capability to size phytoplankton needs to be evaluated, however, for two reasons. First, size is not measured directly; rather, information on size is obtained from near‐forward scattering measurements that are inverted to obtain size distributions. The inversion assumes that particles are homogeneous spheres. Phytoplankton, however, display a wide range of cell shapes and their scattering behavior is likely to be different from that of spheres. Second, the LISST‐100 was originally designed for sediments and its inversion assumes an index of refraction typical of inorganic particles. We compared size and volume concentration distributions obtained by the LISST‐100 to those derived via microscopy for phytoplankton cultures of different cell sizes and shapes. Results demonstrate the success of the LISST‐100 in measuring size and volume concentrations of cells with a cell aspect ratio that is close to 1 and illustrate its limitations when nonspherical cells are present in the sample. Uses of the LISST‐100 in laboratory and field studies are discussed in light of the results from this study.

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Section: Fig 2 As Inmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LISST‐100 measurements of phytoplankton size distribution: evaluation of the effects of cell shape

Karp‐Boss

Azevedo

Boss

2007

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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“…The theoretical foundation is that the optical diffraction by spherical particles whose diameters are significantly larger than the wavelength is assumed to be equivalent to the diffraction by an equal-sized aperture (Fraunhofer diffraction). Many studies have shown that LISST is capable of providing accurate estimates of PSD for various particle suspensions from inland lakes and marine waters [23,24,[53][54][55][56][57][58][59].…”

Section: Lisst Measurementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At each station, a Sequoia LISST-100X was slowly lowered at a speed of approximately 0.15 m/s into the water column, to a depth that was slightly higher than the bottom 2-3 m to prevent damage to the instruments in the optical profiling package, and the sampling rate was 1 Hz (for more details, see references [52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59]). The LISST instrument was used to measure the size spectra of particles up to 500 µm in size.…”

Section: Study Area and Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variability of Particle Size Distributions in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea

Qiu

Sun

et al. 2016

Remote Sensing

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Particle size distribution (PSD) is an important parameter that is relevant to many aspects of marine ecosystems, such as phytoplankton functional types, optical absorption and scattering from particulates, sediment fluxes, and carbon export. However, only a handful of studies have documented the PSD variability in different regions. Here, we investigate the PSD properties and variability in two shallow and semi-enclosed seas (the Bohai Sea (BS) and Yellow Sea (YS)), using in situ laser diffraction measurements (LISST-100X Type C) and other measurements at 79 stations in November 2013. The results show large variability in particle concentrations (in both volume and number concentrations), with volume concentrations varying by 57-fold. The median particle diameter (D v 50 ) from each of the water samples also covers a large range (22.4-307.0 µm) and has an irregular statistical distribution, indicating complexity in the PSD. The PSD slopes (2.7-4.5), estimated from a power-law model, cover nearly the entire range reported previously for natural waters. Small mineral particles (with large PSD slopes) are characteristic of near-shore waters prone to sediment resuspension by winds and tides, while large biological particles (with small PSD slopes) dominate the total suspended particulates for waters away from the coast. For the BS and YS, this study provides the first report on the properties and spatial variability of the PSD, which may influence the optical properties of the ocean surface and remote sensing algorithms that are based on estimations of particle concentrations and sizes.

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“…Interpreting this dense data requires data reduction techniques. Serra (2001) reduced LISST data into single scalars and found that particle volume concentration produced the best correlation with microscope counts. We applied different techniques depending on the nature of the PSD within each bloom and took advantage of the spectral nature of the data.…”

Section: Materials and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mapping phytoplankton in situ using a laser‐scattering sensor

Rienecker¹,

Ryan²,

Blum³

et al. 2008

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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Standard optical sensors such as backscattering instruments and chlorophyll fluorometers provide high spatial resolution with limited information about the particles within the sample. Methods involving the analysis of water samples, such as microscopic examination, flow cytometery, laboratory particle size analyzers, and HPLC analysis of pigments, provide low spatial resolution but produce high levels of information about the particles. Phytoplankton ecology studies would benefit from the ability to describe phytoplankton diversity at high spatial and temporal resolution. Of particular interest to detect and quantify are species that produce red tide and harmful algal bloom (HAB) events because of their significant impacts on human health, marine life, and fisheries (Hallegraeff 2003;Glibert et al. 2005;Kudela et al. 2005).Here we present methods for describing phytoplankton patchiness in situ by the application of a Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissometry (LISST-100) instrument. The LISST-100 was originally designed and tested for sediment particles (Traykovski et al. 1999;Michelson and Pejrup 2001) and has been applied to studies of bacteria and phytoplankton populations in shallow (16 m) coastal waters and lakes (Serra 2001;Serra et al. 2002aSerra et al. , 2002b. In our application of the LISST to study coastal ocean phytoplankton populations, particle concentrations are lower than those of previous LISST applications. Therefore, we increased the sensitivity of our instrument by a factor of ten. We verified the LISST's ability to describe oceanic phytoplankton by comparing cell dimensions measured by the LISST with those measured using a microscope. These lab studies included cultures of dinoflagellates and diatoms, measured as monocultures and mixed cultures of different size classes.The field program consisted of a 5-week time-series study of phytoplankton ecology in Monterey Bay, California (Fig. 1). Intensive in situ measurements during this study detailed development of two phytoplankton blooms: (1) a bloom of pennate diatoms of the genus Pseudo-nitzschia, some of which are HAB species (Scholin et al. 2000), and (2) AbstractA primary limitation of phytoplankton ecology research is the difficulty of describing patchiness and distributions of different phytoplankton groups. Chlorophyll fluorescence and optical backscatter are useful measurements that provide information about phytoplankton, but these measurements do not allow distinction of phytoplankton taxa. Traditional phytoplankton identification methods (such as microscopy, HPLC analysis, and flow cytometry) are labor intensive and therefore can provide only very limited coverage and resolution. Through lab experiments we show that the Laser In Situ Scattering and Transmissometer (LISST-100) instrument can accurately quantify phytoplankton cell dimensions for some cell shapes. Pseudo-spherical dinoflagellates are described with a single peak in the particle size distribution (PSD) at the cross-sectional dimension of the cells. Pennate diatoms ...

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Evaluation of Laser In Situ Scattering Instrument for Measuring Concentration of Phytoplankton, Purple Sulfur Bacteria, and Suspended Inorganic Sediments in Lakes

Cited by 49 publications

References 39 publications

LISST‐100 measurements of phytoplankton size distribution: evaluation of the effects of cell shape

LISST‐100 measurements of phytoplankton size distribution: evaluation of the effects of cell shape

Variability of Particle Size Distributions in the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea

Mapping phytoplankton in situ using a laser‐scattering sensor

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