Evaluation of Kato's Quantitative Method through the Recovery of Schistosoma mansoni Eggs Added to Human Feces

Katz, Naftale; Coelho, Paulo Marcos Zech; Pellegrino, J.

doi:10.2307/3277532

Cited by 89 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…The Kato-Katz method is the method of choice to measure infection level and has been used extensively in epidemiologic studies. 12 Ultrasonography. Patients were examined independently by two physicians using the Quantum 2000 Siemens and Elegra Siemens ultrasound with a convex transductor of 3.5-5.0 Mhz.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morbidity associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection determined by ultrasound in an endemic area of Brazil, Caatinga do Moura.

Jesus¹,

Miranda²,

Miranda³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morbidity associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection determined by ultrasound in an endemic area of Brazil, Caatinga do Moura.

Jesus¹,

Miranda²,

Miranda³

et al. 2000

The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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“…The research protocol was approved by institutional review boards at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine and the Federal University of Bahia and was endorsed by the National Commission for Ethics in Human Research in Brazil as described previously. 19 The Kato-Katz method 21,22 was used to determine S. mansoni egg counts on three to five stool samples from 620 individuals as described previously. 19 Presence of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and hookworm eggs was also determined.…”

Section: Study Design and Clinical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymorphisms in IL10 are associated with total Immunoglobulin E levels and Schistosoma mansoni infection intensity in a Brazilian population

et al. 2010

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Interleukin (IL)-10 is a regulatory cytokine of the helper T cell type 2 (TH2) pathway, which underlies both the host defense to helminthic infection and atopic diseases, including asthma. Although IL10 promoter polymorphisms are associated with increased atopy risk, IL10 variation has not been thoroughly explored in schistosomiasis-endemic populations. Three atopyrelated IL10 promoter polymorphisms (rs1800896, rs1800871 and rs1800872), complemented by six tagging single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), were genotyped in 812 individuals in 318 nuclear families from a schistosomiasis-endemic area in Brazil. Associations between markers and total serum Immunoglobulin E (tIgE) levels, indicating non-specific activation of the TH2 pathway, and Schistosoma mansoni fecal egg counts, indicating burden of infection reflecting effectiveness of schistosomiasis host immunity, were performed using family-based transmission disequilibrium tests for quantitative traits (QTDTs). Alleles A, T and A at the three promoter SNPs rs1800896, rs1800871 and rs1800872 were associated with high tIgE levels in the same direction as in atopy populations (P ¼ 0.0008, 0.026 and 0.045), but not with egg counts. IL10 promoter polymorphisms appear to influence non-specific tIgE levels, but not schistosomiasis-specific immunity. The tagging SNP rs3024495 was associated with high S. mansoni egg counts (P ¼ 0.005), suggesting a novel locus in IL10 may influence clinically relevant burden of infection.

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“…Katz et al (1970) showed the limit of sensitivity for this method to be 20 eggs per gram of faeces by recovering Schistosoma mansoni eggs that were added to negative human faecal samples. This exam is considered to be the gold standard for diagnosing schistosomiasis mansoni as per the World Health Organization (WHO 1993).…”

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confidence: 99%

Use of a saline gradient for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis

Coelho

Jurberg

Oliveira

et al. 2009

Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz

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Faecal exams are widely used for the diagnosis of intestinal helminth infections because microscopic findings of parasitic structures typically assure reliable and accurate identification of the parasites. Although several types of qualitative and quantitative methods exist for stool examination (Lutz 1919, Hastings-Willis 1921, Faust & Melency 1924, Hoffman et al. 1934, Stoll 1946, Ritchie 1948, Sapero et al. 1951, Kato & Miura 1954, Blagg et al. 1955, Bell 1963, Katz et al. 1972, some of these techniques have operational limitations, including high cost, complexity, low sensitivity and/or reproducibility. These limitations may restrict their respective uses in large-scale surveys in the field.A method commonly used in epidemiological studies due to its relative simplicity and low cost is the quantitative Kato-Katz faecal smear technique (Katz et al. 1972). Katz et al. (1970) showed the limit of sensitivity for this method to be 20 eggs per gram of faeces by recovering Schistosoma mansoni eggs that were added to negative human faecal samples. This exam is considered to be the gold standard for diagnosing schistosomiasis mansoni as per the World Health Organization (WHO 1993). Although this method is widely used, the Kato-Katz test might lack sensitivity in situations of low worm burden, low endemicity and in cases of evaluation post treatment (Ferrari et al. 2003). To overcome these limitations, it is necessary to increase the number of stool samples, which may increase costs and possibly cause logistic difficulties in epidemiological surveys (Enk et al. 2008).Alternative approaches based on antibody, antigen and DNA detection are of potential application, but when the financial and infrastructural difficulties of most endemic countries are taken into consideration, these techniques become unsatisfactory (WHO 2006b). Perhaps as an opposite effect of successful control programs worldwide, the diagnosis of schistosomiasis still needs a more sensitive and low-cost tool for detecting light infections in the field (WHO 2006a). Recently, two novel methods have been proposed. Teixeira et al. (2007) developed a highly sensitive method (named Helmintex) for identifying S. mansoni eggs in large amounts of faeces. Faecal samples of 30 g were processed through a sequence of spontaneous sedimentation, sieving and the Ritchie method and then incubated with or without lectins. This was followed by isolation through interaction with paramagnetic beads and microscopic inspection. The other method consists of a hatching device containing a collecting container for the detection of miracidia (Jurberg et al. 2008). Although hatching methods are highly sensitive, they have an obvious limitation because the faecal samples must be fresh at the moment of the exam. On the other hand, the miracidia suspension fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution could be examined for at least 15 days after the fixation without a statistically significant loss of the miracidia number.In an attempt to develop more sensitive diagnostic tools for schistosomia...

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Evaluation of Kato's Quantitative Method through the Recovery of Schistosoma mansoni Eggs Added to Human Feces

Cited by 89 publications

References 0 publications

Morbidity associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection determined by ultrasound in an endemic area of Brazil, Caatinga do Moura.

Morbidity associated with Schistosoma mansoni infection determined by ultrasound in an endemic area of Brazil, Caatinga do Moura.

Polymorphisms in IL10 are associated with total Immunoglobulin E levels and Schistosoma mansoni infection intensity in a Brazilian population

Use of a saline gradient for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis

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