Evaluation of IVAC® Variable Pressure Volumetric Pump Model 560 for the Delivery of Red Blood Cells, Adenine–Saline Added

Abstract

Mechanical pump systems for the delivery of intravenous solutions have been used for the transfusion of red blood cells. In this study, the IVAC Variable Pressure Volumetric Pump Model 560 was evaluated for that purpose using flow rates of 70 mL/hour and 999 mL/hour through 16-, 19-, and 23-gauge needles and an 18-gauge angiocatheter. The largest degree of hemolysis induced by the delivery system resulted in a mean increase of plasma hemoglobin of 150 mg/L (15 mg/dL); this is equivalent to the loss of 0.03% of the red blood cells. When programmed to deliver 15 mL of red blood cells, the IVAC 560 delivered 15.0 +/- 0.3 mL at a rate of 70 mL/hour and 14.9 +/- 0.3 mL at 999 mL/hour. The authors conclude that the IVAC 560 can be used to deliver red blood cells with a minimal, acceptable level of hemolysis. It also delivers an accurate and precise volume of red blood cells that may be an aid to the transfusionist.

Infusion pumps and red blood cell damage in transfusion therapy: an integrative revision of the academic literature

“…Four publications (23.5%) noted significant statistical alterations in the outcome variables. However they opted on determining the presence of hemolysis being clinically significant for values where the level of hemolysis was above 0.8% 18 , 20 , 25 , 28 .…”

“…No publication stated the value of the infusion pressure as a possible factor for cellular damage. They only stated the pressor variation in the equipment in high infusion fluxes 20 . Aspects related to accessories to infusion pumps such as catheters, were described and evaluated only in conjunction with the infusion system.…”

Quantitative assessment of haemolysis secondary to modern infusion pumps

“…Most of the infusion pumps previously tested with packed RBCs seemed to induce relatively low levels of haemolysis . However, there were some notable exceptions, including the pump that was previously used at our institution .…”

“…Most of the infusion pumps previously tested with packed RBCs seemed to induce relatively low levels of haemolysis [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. However, there were some notable exceptions, Change in difference between sample before and after pump utilization without the antisiphon valve: S6-(S1 + S2) /2.…”

“…A secondary objective was to evaluate the effects of RBC age and blood group. 1 Other studies including four other models of piston-type pumps (IMED 960, IMED 965, IMED 927 and IVAC 630), a roller-type pump (Watson-Marlow MHRE/200), thirteen peristaltic pumps (Gemini PC-2, Infusomat P, Infusomat Space P, Optima VS, Volumat Agilia, Argus 707, IVAC 560, IVAC 572, IVAC 598, Alaris Asena GW, Alaris Asena GP, Volumed 5005 and Volumed 7000), the Level 1 Rapid Infuser, the MMMT-9500, the Gardian 100 and the Gardian Micro 110 showed that induced haemolysis was minimal and negligible [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. Even a manually driven roller pump by Alton Dean Medical was found to be safe [22] Materials and methods…”