Evaluation of Isotonic Sodium Bicarbonate Solution for Alkalizing Effects in Conscious Calves.

Abstract

ABSTRACT. After intravenous (IV) infusion of various volumes of 1.35%-isotonic sodium bicarbonate solution (ISB), acid-base equilibrium, blood pressure, plasma volume and biochemical parameters in healthy Holstein calves were studied. Four calves each were randomly assigned to the low-dose (LD; IV infusion of 5 ml/kg ISB), middle-dose (MD; IV infusion of 10 ml/kg ISB) and the high-dose groups (HD; IV infusion of 15 ml/kg ISB). Administration volumes of ISB in the LD, MD and HD groups were decided based on the first half volumes of 5, 10 and 15 mEq of base requirement by the acceptable equation. Systemic, pulmonary artery and central venous pressures, cardiac output and plasma osmotic pressure were not changed by ISB infusion and remained constant throughout the experiment for all groups. There was good correlation ( r 2 = 0.950) between relative changes in base excess and infused volume of bicarbonate (y=2.491x). The coefficient of distribution for bicarbonate ions was calculated to be 0.401 (=1/2.491). Therefore, it is suggested that a value of 0.4 would be most appropriate when calculating the base requirements in calves. Therefore, the first half volumes of ISB correcting base deficits of 5, 10 and 15 mEq in calves were estimated to be 6, 12 and 18 ml/kg, respectively. On the basis of the findings in this study, ISB may be used to correct metabolic acidosis without altering the plasma osmotic pressure, hemodynamic status and respiratory function in the calves. KEY WORDS: acid-base equilibrium, calf, coefficient of distribution, metabolic acidosis, sodium bicarbonate.

Effect of Intravenous Infusion of Isotonic Sodium Bicarbonate Solution on Acidemic Calves with Diarrhea.

“…However, clinicians in veterinary practice use various coefficients of bicarbonate distribution when calculating bicarbonate requirements (for example, 0.3 [12], 1/3 [9], 0.5 [1,8], or 0.6 [5,18]). A previous study [16] indicated that the apparent coefficient of distribution of bicarbonate was 0.401 in normal Holstein calves. In this study, therefore, 0.4 was used as the coefficient of distribution.…”

“…A previous study [16] indicated that isotonic sodium bicarbonate solution (ISB, 1.35% NaHCO 3 ) could restore the acid-base equilibrium without altering plasma osmolarity, hemodynamic status and respiratory function in normal Holstein calves. Therefore, ISB in this study we used to restore spontaneous metabolic acidosis in calves, in order to confirm its safety and alkalizing effects.…”

“…The administration volumes of ISB were decided based on the first half volumes of base needed that were calculated based on formulae for extracellular base excess (BE) from blood gas analysis. The amounts required were calculated according to the following formula [5,7,9,10,12,16]:…”

Relationship between Depression Score and Acid-Base Status in Japanese Black Calves with Diarrhea

“…If treatment with oral fluids is unsuccessful, intravenous restoration for the acid-base disorder is performed [6][7][8]. Although lactated Ringer's solution is used to replace the volume of total body water and to correct to electrolyte status in small animals and horses, it dose not usually correct the metabolic acidosis in calves with severe diarrhea [6,11,12,15,16]. Sodium bicarbonate is specifically effective for acute and severe metabolic acidosis because it has rapid effect when given intravenously [7,9,15,16].…”

“…Although lactated Ringer's solution is used to replace the volume of total body water and to correct to electrolyte status in small animals and horses, it dose not usually correct the metabolic acidosis in calves with severe diarrhea [6,11,12,15,16]. Sodium bicarbonate is specifically effective for acute and severe metabolic acidosis because it has rapid effect when given intravenously [7,9,15,16]. Nevertheless, rapid administration or an overdose of sodium bicarbonate solution has been associated with paradoxical cerebrospinal fulid acidosis, leftward shift of the oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve leading to decreased downloading of oxygen, intracellular shift of potassium in exchange for hydrogen ions causing hypokalemia, tetany due to decreased ionized calcium, and overshot alkalosis [2,5].…”