Evaluation of interferers in sampling materials used in explosive residue analysis by ion chromatography

Mauricio, Filipe Gabriel Martinez; Abritta, Victória R.M.; Aquino, Ricardo de Lacerda; Ambrósio, João Carlos Laboissiere; Logrado, Lúcio Paulo Lima; Weber, Ingrid Távora

doi:10.1016/j.forsciint.2019.109908

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Another relevant factor that can contribute to inconclusive results is the usual absence of control or blank samples sent to the laboratory alongside the questioned materials. The presence of environmental ions, especially in cases involving inorganic based explosives (explosive mixtures based on chlorates and/or perchlorates; explosive emulsion and black gunpowder), which, as shown, represent the vast majority of the cases studied (88%), might make result interpretation a complex dilemma, especially in cases of low concentrations of analytes, since residues of inorganic explosives, in general, consist of ions that can be naturally present in the environment [14] or in routinely used materials [22]. In general, environmental control samples should be collected from apparently uncontaminated areas adjacent to the explosion site, such as building products and chemical fire extinguishers [14], in addition to sampling and pre‐processing materials (swabs, cotton balls/rolls/discs and syringe) [22].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This indicates that only a small part of the crimes related to ATMs/cash safes theft with the use of explosives in Brazil are subjected to chemical analysis for explosive identification, representing approximately 1.5% of the total number of cases. in general, consist of ions that can be naturally present in the environment [14] or in routinely used materials [22]. In general, environmental control samples should be collected from apparently uncontaminated areas adjacent to the explosion site, such as building products and chemical fire extinguishers [14], in addition to sampling and pre-processing materials (swabs, cotton balls/rolls/discs and syringe) [22].…”

Section: To Determine An Accurate Number Of Explosion Attacks Againstmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…in general, consist of ions that can be naturally present in the environment [14] or in routinely used materials [22]. In general, environmental control samples should be collected from apparently uncontaminated areas adjacent to the explosion site, such as building products and chemical fire extinguishers [14], in addition to sampling and pre-processing materials (swabs, cotton balls/rolls/discs and syringe) [22]. These control samples allow for a comparison with the questioned samples and makes it easier to interpret analytical results.…”

Section: To Determine An Accurate Number Of Explosion Attacks Againstmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Profile of explosives's use in ATMs/cash safes robberies in Brazil

Logrado

Silva

Laboissiere

et al. 2022

Journal of Forensic Sciences

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This retrospective study reports data obtained by the Federal Police's National Institute of Criminalistics (INC-PF) relating to chemical analysis aimed at identifying explosives used in Automated teller machines (ATMs)/cash safes robberies between 2014 and 2020 in Brazil. 93 Real cases were studied and, based on the analysis carried out on the materials related to these cases, focusing on the type of explosive used, the following distribution profile was obtained: I) explosive mixtures based on chlorates and/or perchlorates (53%); explosive emulsion (22%); black gunpowder (13%); negative/inconclusive (11%) and organic -pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN) (1%).These results can contribute to investigations related to diversion/loss of explosives for criminal purposes, indicating, for example, through relationships between prevalence in the use of a certain type of explosive with a certain location, its possible origin (mining industry, explosive industries, fireworks factories, among others). The profile observed in the results can guide the selection of explosives to be studied in future research, as the possibilities are vast. Furthermore, despite the expressive number of occurrences in Brazil in the period of interest of this study, only a small fraction of samples was sent to the forensic chemistry laboratory to identify the explosive involved, which suggests that expanding chemical analysis should be encouraged in this field. In combination with an increase in professional training and collaboration trials between the laboratories, these activities can improve the chemical explosive's profile in Brazil, enabling the search for correlations between occurrences and contributing to the growth and development of this area. K E Y W O R D SATM explosions in Brazil, chemical profile, crime scene reports, IED, improvised explosive devices, post-explosion residues, sampling Highlights• Brazil records 5734 cases of ATMs/cash safes explosions between 2014 and 2020.• Data reveals that only a small number of cases reach the laboratory for explosives identification.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: To Determine An Accurate Number Of Explosion Attacks Againstmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: To Determine An Accurate Number Of Explosion Attacks Againstmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Profile of explosives's use in ATMs/cash safes robberies in Brazil

Logrado

Silva

Laboissiere

et al. 2022

Journal of Forensic Sciences

Self Cite

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show abstract

“…They further analyzed commercially available cotton swabs, cotton balls, and cotton discs and found these to have similar interferents albeit on a, surprisingly, lower level than the forensic ones. Finally, they report that all sampling materials can be cleaned of these ions through three washes [ 71 ]. The nature of post-blast analysis of inorganic explosives is such that these types of ions are often all that remains to be detected.…”

Section: Sampling and Concentration Of Explosive Tracesmentioning

confidence: 99%