Evaluation of Insulin Sensitivity in Clinical Practice and in Research Settings

Monzillo, Lais U.; Hamdy, Osama

doi:10.1301/nr.2003.dec.397-412

Cited by 219 publications

(150 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…For participants who were fasting, assessments for serum insulin (mg/L) and serum glucose (mg/L) (as markers for insulin insensitivity) were also collected. We calculated the homeostasis assessment model for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) [HOMA-IR = fasting insulin ( μ U/mL) × fasting glucose (mmol/L)/22.5] as an indicator of insulin resistance [10]. …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary energy density is associated with obesity and other biomarkers of chronic disease in US adults

et al. 2014

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Purpose Given the current prevalence of obesity, it is important to identify dietary factors that may aid in disease prevention. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between consumption of an energy-dense diet and established markers factors for chronic disease, including body weight and measures of body fatness. Methods Data from a nationally representative sample of 9,551 adults ≥18 years who participated in the 2005–2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed. The association between dietary energy density (ED, energy per weight of food, kcal/g) and markers for obesity [including body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC)], insulin insensitivity [including fasting glucose, insulin and homeostasis assessment model for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR)], and markers for inflammation was examined. Results Dietary ED was positively associated with obesity in both men and women in multivariate models. Overall, obese adults had a significantly higher dietary ED than lean adults (p < 0.0001). Current smokers had significantly higher ED than non-smokers (2.00 vs. 1.75, p < 0.01), and it was determined that smoking status modified the relationship between ED and weight status in women (p interaction 0.03). In both sexes, there was a positive linear relationship between BMI and ED (p trend 0.01 and 0.0002, respectively); a linear trend between WC and ED was also observed in women (p trend<0.001) after adjusting for relevant cofactors. In women, ED was positively associated with HOMA-IR and fasting insulin; though, this relationship was not observed in men. No significant associations between ED and C-reactive protein were observed in either sex. Conclusion These findings support recent obesity and disease prevention recommendations to consume a diet low in ED.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary energy density is associated with obesity and other biomarkers of chronic disease in US adults

et al. 2014

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“…Data from the OGTT were used to assess the following indexes to evaluate insulin resistance [26,27]:…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alterations in Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Patients with Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency

Zimmermann¹,

Grigorescu-Sido

Alkhzouz

et al. 2010

Horm Res Paediatr

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Background: Classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21HD) presents some traits of the metabolic syndrome. Aim: To characterize discrete alterations of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in children and young adults with classic 21HD, which could predict early atherogenesis. Patients and Methods: Twenty-seven Caucasian patients with classic 21HD (4–31 years); 27 sex-, age- and BMI-matched controls. Clinical parameters, hormonal status and genotype were assessed in all patients. Lipid parameters, including relative (%) and absolute (mg/dl) small-dense low-density lipoproteins subfractions (sd-LDL) were measured in patients and controls. Oral glucose tolerance tests were performed in both groups. Results: sd-LDL (%) was significantly higher in patients than controls (39.7 ± 5.9 vs. 35.5 ± 5.7%; p = 0.008). The same applies for absolute sd-LDL (mg/dl) (42.6 ± 11.9 vs. 36.4 ± 7.5; p = 0.029). HDL-cholesterol was lower in patients (p = 0.032). Fasting glucose and insulin were significantly higher in patients. Similar differences were noticed for HOMA-IR (p = 0.001), IRI (p = 0.001) and HOMA-B (p = 0.002). IRI correlated directly and significantly with the total hydrocortisone dose and the duration of treatment. Fasting glucose correlated with absolute sd-LDL. No obvious differences were seen between clinical forms or genotype groups. Conclusions: Substitution therapy should be adapted particularly at young ages to prevent early atherogenesis and cardiovascular risk in later life.

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“…HOMA-IR, QUICKI etc. ), fasting levels of SHBG, IGFBP-1, ratio leptin:adiponectin among others (57,58). However, some limitations of the aforementioned indices are biological and analytical variability, interference of medications and dependency on glucose tolerance degree levels.…”

Section: Insulin Sensitivity Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity, insulin resistance and comorbidities ? Mechanisms of association

Castro¹,

Kolka

Kim

et al. 2014

Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab

200

112

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Overall excess of fat, usually defined by the body mass index, is associated with metabolic (e.g. glucose intolerance, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), dyslipidemia) and non-metabolic disorders (e.g. neoplasias, polycystic ovary syndrome, non-alcoholic fat liver disease, glomerulopathy, bone fragility etc.). However, more than its total amount, the distribution of adipose tissue throughout the body is a better predictor of the risk to the development of those disorders. Fat accumulation in the abdominal area and in non-adipose tissue (ectopic fat), for example, is associated with increased risk to develop metabolic and non-metabolic derangements. On the other hand, observations suggest that individuals who present peripheral adiposity, characterized by large hip and thigh circumferences, have better glucose tolerance, reduced incidence of T2DM and of metabolic syndrome. Insulin resistance (IR) is one of the main culprits in the association between obesity, particularly visceral, and metabolic as well as non-metabolic diseases. In this review we will highlight the current pathophysiological and molecular mechanisms possibly involved in the link between increased VAT, ectopic fat, IR and comorbidities. We will also provide some insights in the identification of these abnormalities.

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Evaluation of Insulin Sensitivity in Clinical Practice and in Research Settings

Cited by 219 publications

References 133 publications

Dietary energy density is associated with obesity and other biomarkers of chronic disease in US adults

Dietary energy density is associated with obesity and other biomarkers of chronic disease in US adults

Alterations in Lipid and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Patients with Classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia due to 21-Hydroxylase Deficiency

Obesity, insulin resistance and comorbidities ? Mechanisms of association

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