Evaluation of Influencing Factors and Technological Processes for the Production of Orange Essential Oil (<i>Citrus sinensis</i>) on Equipment Semi-industrial Distillation

Abstract

In recent years, essential oils extracted from different plant species have become increasingly popular in the production of pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and foods. The essential oil from orange (Citrus sinensis) is important in large-scale applications due to its antibacterial, antioxidant activities, and pleasant aroma. In this study, factors affecting the production of orange essential oil on a distillation device with an operating capacity of 50 L/batch, including the ratio of material to water, temperature, and time distillation, have been surveyed. Through the survey, it was found that the raw materials were pureed, the materials: water ratio was 1:3 g/g, the water heating temperature was 130 °C, and the distillation time was 140 min. The yield of the essential oil was 1.8 mL/g with compounds limonene accounting for 98%, α-Pinene (0.655–0.734%), and β-Pinene (1.114 and 1.163%) by the GC-MS method. The review also found that the hydrodistillation equipment was designed to be suitable for the semi-industrial scales of orange essential oil due to its stable yield and volatile compounds contained in the essential oil.

Main Components of The Semboro Variety of Siam Orange Peel Essential Oil Prepared Using Water Distillation Method

“…However, if the temperature is too high, there are components in the material that are degraded, thus reducing the quality of the resulting extract (Teles et al, 2017). This is in line with research conducted by Hien et al,(2022) on orange essential oil obtained at an extraction temperature of 130 °C resulting in a yield of 1.7 mL/g, but at a temperature of 150 °C the yield of essential oil decreased to 1.63 mL/g.…”

“…The higher the heating temperature, the faster the heat transfer and mass transfer that occur between the media and the material. Thus, the faster the material reaches its boiling point for the evaporation process (Hien et al, 2022). Several research results related to extraction time were reported by Haryanti et al, (2014), reporting the process of extracting orange fern oil in 3 h; Ikarini et al, (2021) reported that the distillation of Siamese oranges was carried out for 2 h; Febrina & Sigiro (2021) reported that the distillation of Siam Sambas oranges was carried out for 7 h; Fachriyah et al, (2002), reported distillation of Siamese orange peel essential oil for 10 h; Wibaldus et al, (2016) reported the distillation of lime for 4 h. The distillation time varies greatly also depending on the raw material, the thicker the orange peel, the longer the distillation time is needed.…”