Evaluation of industrial yeasts for pathogenicity

Holzschu, Donald L.; Chandler, Francis W.; Ajello, Libero; Ahearn, Donald G.

doi:10.1080/00362177985380091

Cited by 56 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…isolated from groups B and D is possibly correlated with the number of cells of the inoculum and to the immunosuppression of these animals. Similar results were obtained by Holtschu et al (7). These authors have observed 50% more positive cultures in immunosuppressed animals, specifically in liver, spleen and kidneys.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

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Model of experimental infection in healthy and immunosuppressed swiss albino mice (Mus musculus) using Candida albicans strains with different patterns of enzymatic activity

Chaves¹,

Cavalcanti²,

Carneiro-Leão³

et al. 2004

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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With the purpose to evaluate Candida albicans virulence in vivo, two strains selected were based on their phospholipase and proteinase activity, and used in a model of experimental infection. One strain, isolated from vaginal secretion, was stocked at the URM Culture Collection for 43 years and presented high phospholipase (Pz=0.217) and proteinase (1.386 U.mL -1 ) activity. The other strain was a fresh strain isolated from oropharyngeal secretion of an AIDS patient, and presented low phospholipase (Pz=0.482) and proteinase (0.780 U.mL -1 ) activity. The strains were inoculated via intraperitoneum in immunosuppressed and non-immunosuppressed mice (Mus musculus) and the infection was evaluated over a period of 21 days. Liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys were aseptically removed and the blood of the animals was collected every 72 h. The number of colony forming units (c.f.u) isolated from each organ was counted and a histopathologic examination was performed. The freshly isolated strain was more virulent than the stocked strain, as shown by the number of positive cultures and severity of the lesions observed at the histopathologic examination. A correlation between the in vitro enzymatic activity and the in vivo virulence was not observed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Several authors emphasize the severe invasions of kidneys by C. albicans, C. tropicalis and C. parapsilosis, where the histologic sections showed blastospores and pseudohypha in addition to a severe inflammation by polimorphonuclear neutrophils, abscesses, necrosis and variable degrees of hydronephrosis (6,7,9,17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Model of experimental infection in healthy and immunosuppressed swiss albino mice (Mus musculus) using Candida albicans strains with different patterns of enzymatic activity

Chaves¹,

Cavalcanti²,

Carneiro-Leão³

et al. 2004

Braz. J. Microbiol.

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“…Although the relevance of these studies for occupational health is limited, they do provide potency information relative to other pathogenic and nonpathogenic yeasts. Holzschu et al (1979), e.g., concluded that C. albicans was clearly pathogenic, while S. cerevisiae was clearly nonpathogenic. Yarrowia lipolytica acted similarly to S. cerevisiae in the same test.…”

Section: Safety Studies On Yarrowia and Yarrowia-derived Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In three separate studies (Holzschu et al, 1979;Walsh et al, 1989;Yoshida & Hashimoto, 1986), Y. lipolytica was injected intravenously at high cell concentrations (10 7 -10 8 CFU) into mice, with little or no indication that this organism could invade, colonize and produce disease. Although the relevance of these studies for occupational health is limited, they do provide potency information relative to other pathogenic and nonpathogenic yeasts.…”

Section: Safety Studies On Yarrowia and Yarrowia-derived Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Yarrowia lipolytica: Safety assessment of an oleaginous yeast with a great industrial potential

Groenewald

Boekhout

Neuvéglise

et al. 2013

Critical Reviews in Microbiology

385

288

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Yarrowia lipolytica has been developed as a production host for a large variety of biotechnological applications. Efficacy and safety studies have demonstrated the safe use of Yarrowia-derived products containing significant proportions of Yarrowia biomass (as for DuPont's eicosapentaenoic acid-rich oil) or with the yeast itself as the final product (as for British Petroleum's single-cell protein product). The natural occurrence of the species in food, particularly cheese, other dairy products and meat, is a further argument supporting its safety. The species causes rare opportunistic infections in severely immunocompromised or otherwise seriously ill people with other underlying diseases or conditions. The infections can be treated effectively by the use of regular antifungal drugs, and in some cases even disappeared spontaneously. Based on our assessment, we conclude that Y. lipolytica is a ''safe-to-use'' organism.

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“…This nonconventional yeast is a nonpathogenic organism (16) and is therefore suitable for pharmaceutical and food industry use. It is able to grow on simple substrates to high biomass yields.…”

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confidence: 99%

Production of Lycopene in the Non-Carotenoid-Producing Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica

Matthäus

Ketelhot

Gatter

et al. 2014

Appl Environ Microbiol

184

162

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The codon-optimized genes crtB and crtI of Pantoea ananatis were expressed in Yarrowia lipolytica under the control of the TEF1 promoter of Y. lipolytica. Additionally, the rate-limiting genes for isoprenoid biosynthesis in Y. lipolytica, GGS1 and HMG1, were overexpressed to increase the production of lycopene. All of the genes were also expressed in a Y. lipolytica strain with POX1 to POX6 and GUT2 deleted, which led to an increase in the size of lipid bodies and a further increase in lycopene production. Lycopene is located mainly within lipid bodies, and increased lipid body formation leads to an increase in the lycopene storage capacity of Y. lipolytica. Growth-limiting conditions increase the specific lycopene content. Finally, a yield of 16 mg g ؊1 (dry cell weight) was reached in fed-batch cultures, which is the highest value reported so far for a eukaryotic host.

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Evaluation of industrial yeasts for pathogenicity

Cited by 56 publications

References 10 publications

Model of experimental infection in healthy and immunosuppressed swiss albino mice (Mus musculus) using Candida albicans strains with different patterns of enzymatic activity

Model of experimental infection in healthy and immunosuppressed swiss albino mice (Mus musculus) using Candida albicans strains with different patterns of enzymatic activity

Yarrowia lipolytica: Safety assessment of an oleaginous yeast with a great industrial potential

Production of Lycopene in the Non-Carotenoid-Producing Yeast Yarrowia lipolytica

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