Evaluation of induced polyploidy in Acacia mearnsii through stomatal counts and guard cell measurements

Beck, Sascha L.; Dunlop, Robert W.; Fossey, Annabel

doi:10.1016/s0254-6299(15)30295-7

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The frequency of stomata per unit leaf surface was shown to decrease significantly as ploidy level increased. Similar results were reported by Beck et al (2003) in black wattle, Acacia mearnsii (De Wild), and they concluded that the length of stomata and number of stomata per unit leaf area are rapid indirect methods to identify ploidy level.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Meiotic Anomalies in Sodium Azide Induced Tetraploid and Mixoploid of Trigonella foenum-graecum

Kapoor

Srivastava

2010

CYTOLOGIA

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Summary Mutagen-induced polyploidy can be considered to be a system of increasing genotypic plasticity so that aberrations at the genic and chromosomal level are easily tolerated by the plants. A tetraploid and a mixoploid mutant was induced in Trigonella foenum-graecum by sodium azide. Healthy seeds of Trigonella were treated with different doses of sodium azide. In M 2 screening, we found variants at 0.15% treatment for 4 h and at 0.25% treatment for 2 h and they were studied for morphological characters, meiotic behaviour, pollen sterility and stomata frequency. They were confirmed as tetraploid and mixoploid respectively and their surviving M 3 progeny was further studied on the same line. Meiotic studies showed different types of abnormalities for both. In mixoploid, the RAR increased from M 2 to M 3 but in tetraploid plant it decreased in M 3 generation. The number of chiasma per chromosome was reduced in M 3 generation for both the mutants. A comparison of the different anomalies in 2 generations of the tetraploid and mixoploid helps us to understand the reason for very high pollen sterility and negligible seed set in the tetraploid. Stickiness was increased in both, but the relative increase was less in tetraploid. Stickiness has been considered as a natural method of ameliorating stress and hence may be responsible for better performance of mixoploid. Laggards and spindle disorientation was significantly higher in the tetraploid as compared to the mixoploid.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Meiotic Anomalies in Sodium Azide Induced Tetraploid and Mixoploid of Trigonella foenum-graecum

Kapoor

Srivastava

2010

CYTOLOGIA

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“…The number of photosynthetic cells per unit leaf area decreases with increasing ploidy level (Warner and Edwards 1989). Although chloroplasts (Beck, Dunlop et al 2003;) and chlorophyll content (Molin et al 1982) are higher in polyploid genotypes, increased chlorophyll content with increasing ploidy level is not always apparent. For instance, chlorophyll content remained constant in different ploidy levels of Atriplex confertifolia (Warner and Edwards 1989).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Sugar beet (Beta vulgarisL.) growth at different ploidy levels

Beyaz

Alizadeh

Gürel³

et al. 2013

Caryologia

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The aim of this study was to compare seed germination percentage, seedling growth, total chlorophyll and protein content, sugar content, and root and sugar yields of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) genotypes at different ploidy levels. Sugar beet seeds from cultivars "Agnessa" and "Felicita" (diploids), and lines "AD 440" and "CBM 315" (tetraploids) were obtained from the Sugar Research Institute, Etimesgut, Ankara. Seed germination percentage was recorded after 4 days, whereas seedling and root lengths were noted 4 and 14 days after the study initiation. The size of epidermal cells in length and width were determined on the upper leaf surface of 6-week-old plants. Six and 10 weeks after seed sowing, plant and root lengths, leaf length and width, plant fresh and dry weights, and total chlorophyll and protein content were measured. Data related to yield components such as sugar content, root and sugar yields were obtained from trials conducted by the Sugar Research Institute under field conditions 6 months after study initiation. In the current study, diploid genotypes showed superior responses regarding generative characteristics while tetraploids passed diploid ones vegetatively in the further stages of the development. Ten weeks after study initiation, the highest results regarding vegetative characters such as plant height, root and leaf lengths, leaf width, approximate leaf area, plant fresh and dry weights, and tissue water content were recorded from tetraploid genotypes as 35.00 cm, 43.85 cm, 18.40 cm, 9.25 , respectively.

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“…For example, good chromosome spreads were achieved with Toona ciliata which has 52 small chromosomes~2-3 mm in length. Beck et al (2003aBeck et al ( , 2003b reported that it was difficult to count chromosomes in polyploid Acacia mearnsii because of their small size, whereas our technique enabled successful quantification of chromosomes of diploid and tetraploid A. crassicarpa. DAPI staining has been used in karyotype studies as a counterstaining technique (Davies et al 1997;Yamamoto and Tominaga 2004;Preedasuttijit et al 2007).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…For rapid ploidy screening, morphological and anatomical traits are assessed, including leaf size and thickness (Väinölä 2000), stomatal guard-cell and aperture length (Li et al 1996;Przywara et al 1988;Beck et al 2003aBeck et al , 2003b, chloroplast numbers in guard cells (Beck et al 2005) and pollen size (Cohen and Yao 1996). Generally, an increase in the chromosome number is accompanied by an increase in stomatal and pollen size and a decrease in stomatal frequency (Franco 1939;Cohen and Yao 1996;Beck et al 2003a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short Communication. A robust method for chromosome quantification and ploidy determination in woody species

Gamage

Schmidt

2009

Aust. J. Bot.

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Abstract. Accurate determination of ploidy level of putative polyploid plants is essential for tree breeding and other applications. Methods for ploidy determination include quantification of chromosome numbers in root-tip cells via light microscopy and indirect assessment via anatomical and morphological traits. Flow cytometry is potentially a highthroughput method to quantify nuclear DNA content; however, it does not allow determining chromosome numbers and interfering compounds often prevent its use. Microscopy-based quantification of chromosomes in active root-tip cells remains the most unambiguous method for ploidy determination, although root tips are difficult to obtain from field-grown plants, and light microscopy can result in insufficient resolution in species with many and small chromosomes. Here, we present a robust technique that uses 2, 4-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) dye and 1000-fold magnification fluorescence microscopy for quantification of chromosomes in root and shoot tips of woody angiosperms and gymnosperms, and overcomes the reported difficulties. Rather than the conventional tip squashing, spreading tips on glass slides resulted in very good chromosome separation in diverse species, with up to 56 chromosomes and a chromosome size of 2-20 mm. Chromosome counts were performed in diploid Agathis robusta, Elaeocarpus angustifolius, Eucalyptus robusta, Paulownia tomentosa, Pongamia pinnata and Toona ciliata, and di-and tetraploid Acacia crassicarpa and Citrus species.

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Evaluation of induced polyploidy in Acacia mearnsii through stomatal counts and guard cell measurements

Cited by 24 publications

References 13 publications

Meiotic Anomalies in Sodium Azide Induced Tetraploid and Mixoploid of Trigonella foenum-graecum

Meiotic Anomalies in Sodium Azide Induced Tetraploid and Mixoploid of Trigonella foenum-graecum

Sugar beet (Beta vulgarisL.) growth at different ploidy levels

Short Communication. A robust method for chromosome quantification and ploidy determination in woody species

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