Evaluation of Individualism and Collectivism

The Psychology of Neoliberalism and the Neoliberalism of Psychology

“…The entrepreneurial self draws on two major traditions in European‐American thought: (1) “utilitarian” or “vertical” individualism, and (2) “expressive” or “horizontal” individualism (Bellah, Madsen, Sullivan, Swidler, & Tipton, ; Triandis, ). The first tradition derives from social contract theories of the Enlightenment and ideologies such as the Protestant Work Ethic.…”

How individualism–collectivism influences consumer responses to the sharing economy: Consociality and promotional type

“…For collectivistic individuals, their social roles and responsibilities exist inherently in their minds, making these consumers less likely to be affected by external factors (Triandis, ; Triandis, Bontempo, Villareal, Asai, & Lucca, ). Therefore, we expect that collectivistic consumers may not be affected by the orientations of promotional types.…”

“…On the contrary, people in individualist cultures exhibit greater variance in reactions to interpersonal interactions, as compared to those in collective cultures, who hold consensus expectations of their roles and responsibilities in social interactions (Triandis, ; Triandis et al, ). Individualistic consumers also demonstrate more variance in reactions to specific nuances of pricing due to their relatively low‐context nature (i.e., H. Chen, Bolton, Ng, Lee, & Wang, ; Mattila & Patterson, ; Song, Noone & Mattila, ).…”

The Relationship between Social Support, Self‐Efficacy, and English Language Learning Achievement in Hong Kong

“…A person from a collectivist culture tends to be the collective self, who sees him/herself as part of one or more collectives. People in such cultures are primarily motivated by the norms of, and duties imposed by, those collectives; are willing to give priority to the goals of these collectives over their own personal goals; and emphasize their connectedness to members of these collectives (Triandis, ).…”