Evaluation of In vivo Antitrypanosomal Activity of Aqueous and Methanol Leaf Extracts of Clutia abyssinica (Euphorbiaceae) against Trypanosoma congolense Field Isolate

Mergia, Ermias

doi:10.4172/2329-6836.1000138

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…However, the sensitivity of the test organism to existing drugs was not known. The blood sample was collected by NTTICC expert from the peripheral ear vein of each animal following the methodology in Mergia et al [ 36 ]. The presence of T. congolense was detected by Microhaematocrit Buffy Coat Technique (MHBCT) [ 37 ] and Murray et al [ 38 ].…”

Section: Study Site Selection and Test Organismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Then 0.2 ml of blood (~10 4 trypanosomes/ml) was injected intraperitoneally to six laboratory mice and transported to Aklilu Lemma Institute of Pathobiology, Addis Ababa University for serial passage to other mice. About 0.2 ml of blood collected from the donor mice containing (~10 4 trypanosomes/ml) [ 39 ] was injected intraperitoneally into mice that were acclimatized to laboratory conditions and were used for in vivo evaluation of the crude leaf extracts of V. sinaiticum [ 36 ].…”

Section: Study Site Selection and Test Organismmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antitrypanosomal activity of Verbascum sinaiticum Benth. (Scrophulariaceae) against Trypanosoma congolense isolates

Mergia

Shibeshi

Terefe

et al. 2016

BMC Complement Altern Med

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BackgroundAfrican Trypanosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease with a large impact on the livelihood of the rural poor in Sub-Saharan Africa. The available drugs for managing this disease are old, expensive and are facing the problem of drug resistance. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo antitrypanosomal efficacy of aqueous and absolute methanol leaf extracts of Verbascum sinaiticum Benth. against Trypanosoma congolense field isolate.MethodsVerbascum sinaiticum (Local name ‘qetetina’) is a biennial plant, and 60–150 cm tall. It is traditionally used to treat wound, stomachache, viral infection, cancer, sunstroke, fever, abdominal colic, diarrhea, hemorrhage, anthrax, and hepatitis. The efficacy of aqueous and absolute methanol leaf extracts of V. sinaiticum was evaluated in a randomized experiment with Swiss albino mice infected with T. congolense field isolate. The extracts were administered at doses of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg by intraperitoneal injection for seven days at 12 Days Post-Infection (DPI) when the peak parasitaemia level was approximately 108 trypanosomes/ml. Parasitaemia, Packed Cell Volume (PCV), mean survival time and change in body weight were used as indices for monitoring the efficacy of the extracts. Diminazene (28 mg/kg) was used as a positive control while 2 % Tween was used as the negative control. Phytochemicals screening were conducted following standard methods.ResultsThe extracts showed no toxicity effect in Swiss albino mice and had LD50 above 2000 mg/kg. The phytochemicals screened in V. sinaiticum were alkaloids, flavonoids, glycoside, saponins, steroids, phenolic compounds, and tannins. The mice treated with absolute methanol leaf extract of V. sinaiticum at 400 mg/kg dose had significantly lower mean parasitaemia (7.20 ± 0.16) (p < 0.001) as compared to the negative control group (8.82 ± 0.12) on day 14 of treatment. Animals treated with the same dose had significant (p < 0.001) higher PCV value and body weight and as well as the highest mean survival time of 40.20 ± 0.31 days as compared to the negative control at the end of the observation period.ConclusionThis study established that Verbascum sinaiticum had trypanocidal activity. The crude extracts have partially eliminated trypanosomes in a dose-dependent manner. The study can be a basis for future in-depth analysis of the biologically active chemicals.

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Section: Study Site Selection and Test Organismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Study Site Selection and Test Organismmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antitrypanosomal activity of Verbascum sinaiticum Benth. (Scrophulariaceae) against Trypanosoma congolense isolates

Mergia

Shibeshi

Terefe

et al. 2016

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…However, T. brucei rhodesiense which causes fast onset acute trypanosomiasis in humans is common in East Africa (Ene et al, 2014). African Animal Trypanosomosis (AAT) is caused by Trypanosoma brucei brucei, T. vivax and T. congolense (Mergia et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Methanol extract of <i>Musca domestica</i> larva on some Enzymes and Haematological parameters in <i>Trypanosoma brucei brucei</i> - infected rats

Shittu¹,

Lawal²,

Adeniyi³

et al. 2018

Nig J Bas App Sci

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This study investigated the effect of methanol extract of Musca domestica (400mg/kg body weight) on some biomarker enzymes and haematological parameters in Trypanosoma brucei brucei -infected rats. Twenty albino rats were intraperitoneally infected with Trypanosoma brucei brucei and were grouped into five (5) groups of four (4) rats each. Group1 was set up as infected not treated (0.2ml normal saline/kg body weight), group 2 was treated with diaminazene aceturate (standard drug), group 3 as prophylactic treated (treatment for 72 hours before inoculation of parasite), group 4 as early treatment with the extract (treatment commenced after the sight of parasite) and group 5 as the control (uninfected untreated) group. Results shows significant (p<0.05) decrease in liver AST and ALT activities with concomitant increase in serum activities of the infected untreated rats when compared with the early treated, prophylactic treated, standard treated and normal control. Serum ALP activity of the infected not treated group was significantly (p<0.05) higher when compared to the control group and other experimental groups. No significant (p>0.05) difference in the liver ALP activities of the extract treated infected groups with standard drug treated group However, serum and liver GGT activities of the uninfected untreated (control) was significantly lower (p<0.05) than all the other experimental groups. Haematological studies shows significant decrease (p<0.05) in packed cell volume (PCV) , haemoglobin concentration (Hb) and red blood cell count (RBC) of infected not treated when compared to infected prophylactic treated and infected early treated. There was likewise significant increase in white blood cell count (WBC) of infected not treated compared to infected prophylactic treated and infected early treated. Findings from this study showed that methanol extract of Musca domestica larva has trypanocidal properties thereby ameliorating the T. brucei induced biochemical changes in rats.

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“…This belief is supported by previous studies that reveal that polyphenols have the ability to increase the survival of mice infected with T. b. brucei 40,41 . Similarly, Mergia et al 34 revealed that administration of the methanolic extract of Clutia abyssinica resulted in a survival time of 39.20 ± 0.37 days in mice infected with Trypanosoma congolense. The survival time of the mice despite increasing parasitemia over time in the study suggests that administration of the extract does not completely eliminate trypanosomes from the blood of infected mice during the study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The anti-trypanosome activity of the phenolic compounds is the inhibition of the alternative trypanosome oxidase enzyme 33 . According to Taylor et al 34 one of the molecular actions of tannins is to complex proteins through so-called non-specific forces such as hydrogen bonding, the hydrophobic effect as well as the covalent bond formation. For terpenes, the mechanisms of trypanocidal activity include the formation of aldehydethiol adducts with sulfur-containing components, thereby decreasing the buffering of agents that can create oxidative stress in the cells 35 and the oxidation of glutathione and pyruvic acids 36 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Trypanosomal Activity of Guiera senegalensis on Trypanosoma brucei Infected Mice

André¹,

Hervé²,

Zakaria³

et al. 2019

J. Drug Delivery Ther.

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Aqueous decoction of Guiera senegalensis leaves was studied orally and intraperitoneally for its antitrypanosomal activity on mice infected experimentally with Trypanosoma brucei brucei. After a phytochemical screening followed by an acute toxicity study on mice, the extract of plant was administered once daily for 2 days at doses of 60, 120 and 240 mg / kg orally and 15, 30 and 60 mg / kg intraperitoneally after infection. Then, parameters of parasitaemia, packed cell volume (PCV), mean survival time and body weight of the mice treated with the extract were measured and compared with positive (diminazene aceturate) and negative (distilled water) controls for 7 days in a row. Results indicate that the aqueous extract of G. senegalensis leaves contains tannins, flavonoids, saponosides, reducing compounds and anthocyanosides, alkaloids and coumarins. LD50 of the extract are 1264.49 mg / kg by oral route and 316.22 mg / kg by intraperitoneal route. The doses of 240 mg / kg by oral route and 15 and 60 mg / kg by intraperitoneal route of aqueous extract showed a mean survival time (5 days) comparable to the positive control. Parasitaemia level increased in all mice tested except in mice treated with diminazene aceturate during the post-infestation period. During this period, PCV and body weight of all mice decreased by both routes of administration. These results of the study show the pharmacological utility of G. senegalensis leaves in the control of TAA by herders / pastoralists and suggest continuing further bio-guided studies to isolate the active components of the plant in order to improve their efficiency. Keywords: In vivo test; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Guiera senegalensis leaves; phytochemical screening; acute toxicity.

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Evaluation of In vivo Antitrypanosomal Activity of Aqueous and Methanol Leaf Extracts of Clutia abyssinica (Euphorbiaceae) against Trypanosoma congolense Field Isolate

Cited by 6 publications

References 50 publications

Antitrypanosomal activity of Verbascum sinaiticum Benth. (Scrophulariaceae) against Trypanosoma congolense isolates

Antitrypanosomal activity of Verbascum sinaiticum Benth. (Scrophulariaceae) against Trypanosoma congolense isolates

Effect of Methanol extract of <i>Musca domestica</i> larva on some Enzymes and Haematological parameters in <i>Trypanosoma brucei brucei</i> - infected rats

Anti-Trypanosomal Activity of Guiera senegalensis on Trypanosoma brucei Infected Mice

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