Evaluation of In Vitro Bio-Activities Effects of WST (Wushanshencha)

Abstract

As a traditional Chinese drink, tea is favored for its rich flavor and its medicinal functionality. In this study, the in vitro bioactivities of Wushanshencha (WST; a local tea from Chongqing, China), which is processed mainly from the leaves of the wild Malus hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehd.). We assessed the scavenging capacity of tea extracts on 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH); 2, 2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6- sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS); and hydroxyl (OH) free radicals, and demonstrate the high antioxidant activity and dose-dependent relationship of these extracts. We also detail the anti-mutagenic effect of these tea extracts against the Salmonella typhimurium TA98 strain induced by the 2, 7-diaminofluorene (2, 7-AF) mutagen and the TA100 strain induced by the N-methyl-N′-nitro- N- nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) mutagen at concentrations of 1.25 and 2.50 mg/plate, respectively, with the high-dose groups showing better results. We investigated the anticancer mechanisms of WST extracts (40, 100, and 160 μg/mL) in HepG2 human hepatoma cells via 3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay and quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). The results showed that the proliferation of HepG2 cells was significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the tea extracts. Moreover, apoptosis in HepG2 cells was induced via upregulation of Caspase-3, Caspase-7, Caspase-8, Caspase-9, p21, p53, and Bax as well as downregulation of Bcl-2 apoptosis-associated factors, as assessed via mRNA expression levels after treating with WST extracts. The expression of inflammation-related factors, e.g., NF-κB, and Cox-2, was significantly downregulated by the WST extracts, demonstrating its inflammatory properties. Together, these observations indicated that WST extracts have anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. In addition, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that WST extracts contained chlorogenic acid, 4-hydroxycinnamic acid, isoquercitrin, taxifolin, quercitrin, rosmarinic acid, myricetin, baicalin, neosperidin dihydrochalcone, and quercetin. As such, WST appears to be an effectively functional drink, due to its rich functional components and anti-cancer activity.

Antioxidant Effects of Apocynum venetum Tea Extracts on d-Galactose-Induced Aging Model in Mice

“…The cDNA samples of each gene were amplified 3 times in parallel, and the mean value of Ct was used for analysis. The internal reference gene is GAPDH, and the levels of the relevant genes were calculated according to 2 −∆∆CT [19].…”

In Vitro Analysis of Antioxidant, Anticancer, and Bioactive Components of Apocynum venetum Tea Extracts

“…Ascorbic acid (0.2 mg/mL) was used as a positive control. Each group of data was measured three times in parallel [13]. e absorbance of ABTS reagent was diluted with absolute ethanol to 0.7 ± 0.02 (734 nm).…”

“…e reaction mechanism of the antioxidant with DPPH depends on the structural conformation of the antioxidant [12]. Hydroxyl radicals can induce oxidative damage to DNA, proteins, and lipids, and thus, potential oxidative damage to DNA can be prevented by capturing OH radicals [13]. Active oxygen can oxidize ABTS to the blue-green cation ABTS + .…”

<p>Effect of <em>Malus asiatica</em> Nakai Leaf Flavonoids on the Prevention of Esophageal Cancer in C57BL/6J Mice by Regulating the IL-17 Signaling Pathway</p>

“…[2][3][4][5] In South China, MAN leaves (MANL) are used as drinks similar to tea. 6 In addition, MANL are also used for food preservation, and the MANL juice can prevent Ciba (a cake food made of glutinous rice) from deterioration for several months. 7 Flavonoids are abundant in natural plants, especially in leaves.…”