Evaluation of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Soil and Edible Vegetables Grown in Compost from Unknown Sources in Al-Jiftlik, Palestine

Bawwab, Mohammed; Qutob, Ahmad A.; Khatib, Mahmoud Al; Malassa, Husam; Shawahna, Ayman; Qutob, Mutaz

doi:10.4236/jep.2022.131007

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…The contents of Ba in the vegetables sampled from Ba-polluted sites reached 1.398 mg·Kg −1 of DW in corn, 3.021 mg·Kg −1 of DW in eggplant and 2.641 mg·Kg −1 of DW in marrow [ 47 ]. In this study, A. esculentus L. presented efficiency in accumulating Ba in the fruits, with the maximum Ba accumulation reaching 494.11 mg·Kg −1 of DW, and according to the FAO/WHO [ 46 ], this value exceeded the WHO limit of 0.850 mg·Kg −1 of DW.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appraisal of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Response to Aluminum and Barium Stress

Kouki

Dridi

Vives‐Peris

et al. 2023

Plants

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Trace metal element (TME) pollution is a major threat to plants, animals and humans. Agricultural products contaminated with metals may pose health risks for people; therefore, international standards have been established by the FAO/WHO to ensure food safety as well as the possibility of crop production in contaminated soils. This study aimed to assess the accumulating potential of aluminum and barium in the roots, shoots and fruits of Abelmoschus esculentus L., and their effect on growth and mineral nutrition. The content of proline and some secondary metabolites was also evaluated. After treating okra plants with aluminum/barium (0, 100, 200, 400 and 600 µM) for 45 days, the results showed that Al stimulated the dry biomass production, whereas Ba negatively affected the growth and the fructification yield. The okra plants retained both elements and exhibited a preferential accumulation in the roots following the sequence: roots ˃ shoots ˃ fruits, which is interesting for phytostabilization purposes. Al or Ba exposure induced a decline in mineral uptake (K, Ca, Mg, Zn and Fe), especially in roots and shoots. In order to cope with the stress conditions, the okra plants enhanced their proline and total phenol amounts, offering better adaptability to stress.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Appraisal of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Response to Aluminum and Barium Stress

Kouki

Dridi

Vives‐Peris

et al. 2023

Plants

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“…For instance, Mensah et al (Mensah et al, 2009) reported in their study that all heavy metals except nickel have surpassed the FAO/WHO standardized heavy metals concentrations. Similarly, much higher concentrations of heavy metals were reported in Palestine vegetables by Bawwab et al (Bawwab et al, 2022) compared to the FAO/WHO limits. Excessive intake of certain heavy metals including cadmium, lead, copper, and chromium can cause serious adverse effects including bone, neurological and cardiovascular disorders, renal impairment, and gastrointestinal disturbances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…There could be multiple reasons for the elevated contents of such toxic heavy metals in vegetables but fertilizers and irrigation water are the most convincing reasons. Bawwab et al (Bawwab et al, 2022) suggested that sometimes compost contaminated with industrial waste is utilized as a fertilizer containing high contents of heavy metals. Am.…”

Section: Heavy Metal Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Safety of Leafy Vegetables in Oman

Al-Farsi,

Ali,

Al-Omairi

2024

Am. J. Food Sci. Technol.

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Leafy vegetables are potential carriers of foodborne diseases that threaten the community’s well-being. Therefore, monitoring leafy vegetable’s microbial and heavy metal contamination is crucial. This study evaluates the safety of leafy vegetables consumed in Oman by examining pathogenic bacteria such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococci, Salmonella, and Listeria, as well as the heavy metals concentration. Results indicate high levels of microbial contamination in all samples, exceeding the Gulf Standard Organization permissible levels for E. coli and Staphylococci. The highest levels of E. coli were 5.96, 6.08, 6.09, 6.25, and 6.01 log CFU/g in Arugula, Radish, Lettuce, Cabbage, and Spring onion, respectively. While for Staphylococcus the highest values were 5.59, 5.71, 4.33, 5.07, and 4.46 log CFU/g in Arugula, Radish, Lettuce, Cabbage, and Spring onion, respectively. No Salmonella or Listeria colonies were found in any samples even after several days of incubations. The Arsenic and Lead concentrations in all samples were significantly higher than the permissible levels set by FAO/WHO, while Chromium was high in some samples. The concentrations of Copper and Iron in most samples fell below their respective permissible levels, while Zinc was undetectable in all samples. These findings underscore inadequate hygiene, harvesting, storage, and agricultural practices, raising concerns about the health implications of consuming contaminated leafy vegetables.

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“…It was revealed that combined Pb and Cd health hazards were seen rather than the impacts of either metal alone (Atamaleki et al, 2021). Monitoring and analysis are essential to identify areas where contamination is high, enabling authorities to implement appropriate measures to mitigate risks and safeguard public health (Bawwab et al, 2022;Singh et al, 2022). The presence and movement of heavy metals are dependent upon many soil factors such as organic carbon, pH, cation exchange capacity, mineral and clay concentrations, and oxidation-reduction.…”

Section: Correlation Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Accumulation of phytotoxic metals and metalloids in vegetable continuum subjected to different irrigation streams: a threat towards nutritional security

WAQAS,

ASHRAF,

MOHIUDDIN

et al. 2024

Not Bot Horti Agrobo

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The urban agro-ecosystem in developing countries plays a major role in uplifting the socioeconomic status of their inhabitants by confronting the challenges of improving food security and eradicating hunger. Food security and safety has become a serious global concern owing to accumulation of phytotoxic metals and metalloids in different food commodities subjected to different contaminated irrigation sources. The current study was undertaken to assess the concentrations of heavy metals and metalloid in ridge gourd (Luffa cylindrica L.), its planting soil medium and irrigation water sources used for crop production to determine the health risk. The results showed that the mean concentrations of different metals and metalloids in ground water samples i.e. Ni (0.14 mg L-1), Fe (1.29 mg L-1), Cu (0.10 mg L-1), Pb (0.55 mg L-1), As (0.10 mg L-1), Cr (2.38 mg L-1) and Cd (0.05 mg L-1) were over the permissible limits. Soil samples irrigated with ground water showed that concentrations of Cd (23.67 mg kg-1), Cr (26.66 mg kg-1) and As (45.97 mg kg-1) were above the permissible limits. Similarly, vegetable samples irrigated with ground water had a higher level of Cd (0.33 mg kg-1) than their prescribed safe limits. The bio-concentration factor ranged from 0.00 to 8.21 for all irrigation sources. The target hazard quotients (THQ) for Zn, Fe, and Cr were higher than the threshold value when ridge gourd was consumed, indicating a health concern. Similarly, hazard index values were 5.05, 28, 27, and 1.01, from groundwater, canal water, and sewage water, respectively. Target Cancer Risk (TCR) exposed Ni, Cr, Cd and As in canal water were sources of high cancer risk and Pb showed moderate cancer risk for the local community. These findings suggest that human intake of ridge gourd vegetable from the studied area may pose health hazards. Hence, frequent monitoring of different irrigation streams used in urban and semi-urban agriculture is strongly recommended to manage higher concentrations of phytotoxic metals and metalloids in crop produce and their associated health risks for humans.

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Evaluation of Heavy Metal Concentrations in Soil and Edible Vegetables Grown in Compost from Unknown Sources in Al-Jiftlik, Palestine

Cited by 8 publications

References 16 publications

Appraisal of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Response to Aluminum and Barium Stress

Appraisal of Abelmoschus esculentus L. Response to Aluminum and Barium Stress

The Safety of Leafy Vegetables in Oman

Accumulation of phytotoxic metals and metalloids in vegetable continuum subjected to different irrigation streams: a threat towards nutritional security

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