Evaluation of groundwater chemistry and its suitability for drinking and agricultural uses in the Lenjanat plain, central Iran

Abstract

Study of the 59 groundwater samples from Lenjanat area, central Iran, was carried out in order to assess their chemical compositions and suitability for drinking and agricultural purposes. Based on Gibbs' diagram, weathering of rocks and evaporation were found to be the dominant processes in the ion concentration of the water samples. The saturation index calculated through geochemical modeling indicates a suitable chemical environment for anhydrite, aragonite, calcite, dolomite, fluorite, and gypsum dissolution in both wet and dry seasons. All samples have the SO 4 2-? HCO 3 -more than 5 meq/l indicating that in addition to calcite and dolomite, dissolution of gypsum is the probable process in this plain. Assessment of the concentration of Mg 2? ? Ca 2? proportion to SO 4 2-? HCO 3 -demonstrates that the advanced direct and reverse ion exchange between groundwater and surrounding environment has occurred. The Chadha diagram indicates that the amount of earthalkali parameters is more than alkali ones and by considering the high value of strong acids, the dominant hydrochemical facies in both wet and dry seasons are Ca 2? -Mg 2? -Cl --SO 4 2-. According to pollution index, in the selected time domain, all samples are in safe conditions. Calculation of entropy weighted water quality index for groundwater samples demonstrates that in the wet and dry seasons, over 57 and 42 % of the samples are in the range of ''excellent'' to ''medium'' quality, respectively. The values of SI, RSC, SSP, SAR, KR, PI, MAR, and CI show that 90 and 85 % of the samples in wet and dry seasons have the good quality for agricultural purposes.

Hydrogeochemical characterization and assessment of water suitability for drinking and irrigation in crystalline rocks of Mothkur region, Telangana State, South India

“…It is necessary to know the suitability of surface water and groundwater for irrigation/agricultural purposes depending on the effect of mineral constituents of the water on both plants and soils (Wilcox 1955;Richards 1954). For this, the effective multivariate graphical methods are used to determine its suitability for agricultural needs, that are EC, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), per cent of sodium (%Na), residual sodium carbonate (RSC) and permeability index (PI) playing a vital role in suitability of water for irrigation, and these graphical methods are extensively used all over the world (Li et al 2014a(Li et al , 2017bSappa et al 2015;Ghazaryan and Chen 2016;Panaskar et al 2016;Amiri et al 2015;Li et al 2012). The classifications of irrigation water, based on SAR, %Na, RSC and EC are reviewed in Tables 8 and 9.…”

“…In any area around the world, groundwater quality and spatial distribution maps are significant as protective indicators of potential risk environmental health problems. GIS has been widely used to create spatial distribution maps, which are indicators of suitable and unsuitable zones (Sheikh et al 2017;Sudhakar and Narsimha 2013;Narsimha et al 2013a, b;Panaskar et al 2016;Sudarshan et al 2014;Amiri et al 2015;Sappa et al 2015). In this study, spatial distribution maps are prepared for pH, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), total hardness (TH), bicarbonate (HCO 3 − ), chloride (Cl − ), sulphate (SO 4 2− ), fluoride (F − ), calcium (Ca 2+ ), magnesium (Mg 2+ ), sodium (Na + ) and potassium (K + ) of the groundwater to delineate the safe and unsafe zones.…”

“…Narsimha and Sudarshan (2017a) have studied contamination of fluoride in groundwater in Siddipet and reported high fluoride concentration in southern part of Siddipet, Medak district. Amiri et al (2015) have reported that groundwater chemistry and its suitability for drinking and agricultural purpose in central Iran. Moreover, in India and many parts of the world, abundant studies have been carried out to assess the geochemical characteristics of groundwater quality with respect of drinking and irrigation (Kudoda and Abdalla 2015;Adimalla et al 2018a;Murkute 2014;Raju et al 2011;Dimitris Alexakis 2011;Subba Rao et al 2012;Sudarshan et al 2014;Li et al 2017a, b;Jeevanandam et al 2006;Li et al 2012;2014a, b;Cheng Qian et al 2016;Sappa et al 2015;Narsimha and Sudarshan 2013;Salem et al 2015;Sethy et al 2016;He et al 2015;Panaskar et al 2016).…”

Assessing the Suitability of Groundwater for Drinking and Agricultural Uses in the Zacharo Basin, Sw Peloponnesus

“…The combination of several water quality indexes has been proved as an effective tool for planners and decision makers in selecting appropriate groundwater management practices (Vasanthavigar et al, 2010;Ravikumar et al, 2013;Amiri et al, 2015). The aim of this paper is the evaluation of the suitability of groundwater for drinking and irrigations as well as to find out the possible sources of contamination that may affect the water quality in Zacharo basin.…”

Spring water chemistry in a formerly glaciated area of western Poland: the contribution of natural and anthropogenic factors

“…The influence of anthropogenic factors is of particular importance here. These factors can cause deterioration in the quality of shallow groundwater (Moosavirad et al 2013;Amiri et al 2015). Infiltration of shallow groundwater can further pollute deeper aquifers.…”