Evaluation of glucose-methylene-blue-mueller-hinton agar for E-test minimum inhibitory concentration determination in &lt;i&gt;Candida &lt;/i&gt;spp.

Capoor,; Rawat, Deepti; Nair, Deepthi; Deb, Monorama; Aggarwal, Praveen

doi:10.4103/0255-0857.37366

Cited by 3 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Requirement of additional equipment (spectrophotometer) is also eliminated. 13 With the disk diffusion method the susceptibility pattern that is obtained correlates with similar studies done in the region by others using ATB Fungus 3 of Biomerieux and disk diffusion method where they found C. albicans isolates were 100% susceptible to amphotericin-B, C. tropicalis showed 25% resistance to fluconazole. 4,8 Some of the limitation of the study is that, antifungal susceptibility test was done on antimycotic sensitivity media obtained commercially from HiMedia ® and susceptibility zone size is interpreted based on manufacturer's guidelines.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Identification of Candida Species From Clinical Samples and Their Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns

Bhaskar¹,

Rai²,

Ronald³

2015

jemds

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OBJECTIVE AND BACKGROUND: The incidence of Candida infections has increased dramatically over the past few decades due to increase in the number of population susceptible to fungal infections. With multiple antifungal agents that are available and recovery of clinical isolates that exhibit inherent or developed resistance to commonly used antifungal agents, it has become imperative to do susceptibility testing routinely. The study was done to determine the predisposing factors, species incidence and susceptibility pattern of Candida isolates to commonly used antifungal agents. METHODS: A total of 108 Candida species were recovered from symptomatic clinical cases. Candida isolates were speciated by germ tube test, chlamydospore formation on corn meal agar and color produced on chromogenic media. Antifungal susceptibility test was done by disk diffusion method for nystatin, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and amphotericin-B. RESULTS: Candida albicans is the most frequently isolated species. However, non-albicans Candida species, taken as a group has predominated in clinical samples. Chromogenic agar medium showed good correlation in species identification in comparison with conventional germ tube test and chlamydospore formation on corn meal agar. C. albicans (41), C. tropicalis (33), C. krusei (30) and C. glabrata (04) were isolated. Candida species showed 95.4% susceptibility to amphotericin-B, 77.8% to voriconazole, 69.4% to nystatin, 64.1% to fluconazole and 63.9% to itraconazole. CONCLUSION: Increasing incidence of nonalbicans species infection. Chromogenic medium can be used for species identification. Increasing resistance of Candida species to commonly used antifungal agents.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 82%

Identification of Candida Species From Clinical Samples and Their Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns

Bhaskar¹,

Rai²,

Ronald³

2015

jemds

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“…[19] reported that, in comparison with BMD method, agar‐based methods have the advantage of eliminating trailing growth and Capoor et al. [21] compared Etest MICs of fluconazole and amphotericin B on both RPG and GMB with that of BMD in 12 C. tropicalis , eight C. parapsilosis , eight C. albicans , two C. krusei and one C. glabrata isolate(s). Capoor et al.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21] determined that, for an isolate of C. tropicalis , while fluconazole MICs in both BMD and on Etest‐RPG were in resistant category, fluconazole Etest MIC on GMB revealed a susceptible pattern. This discrepancy was attributed to trailing growth phenomenon and they recommended the use of GMB for exclusion of false resistance 21 . In our study, we aimed to evaluate the extent of the utility of GMB in potentially heavy trailing isolates such as those included in genera of C. albicans and C. tropicalis .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While agar-based methods have been documented as reliable alternatives to reference BMD method for susceptibility testing of fluconazole against Candida spp., in several studies, [11][12][13][14] there are few reports which provide data on the influence of GMB on fluconazole Etest MICs compared with that of RPG. [19][20][21] Matar et al [19] reported that, in comparison with BMD method, agar-based methods have the advantage of eliminating trailing growth and Capoor et al [21] compared Etest MICs of fluconazole and amphotericin B on both RPG and GMB with that of BMD in 12 C. tropicalis, eight C. parapsilosis, eight C. albicans, two C. krusei and one C. glabrata isolate(s). Capoor et al [21] determined that, for an isolate of C. tropicalis, while fluconazole MICs in both BMD and on Etest-RPG were in resistant category, fluconazole Etest MIC on GMB revealed a susceptible pattern.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[19][20][21] Matar et al [19] reported that, in comparison with BMD method, agar-based methods have the advantage of eliminating trailing growth and Capoor et al [21] compared Etest MICs of fluconazole and amphotericin B on both RPG and GMB with that of BMD in 12 C. tropicalis, eight C. parapsilosis, eight C. albicans, two C. krusei and one C. glabrata isolate(s). Capoor et al [21] determined that, for an isolate of C. tropicalis, while fluconazole MICs in both BMD and on Etest-RPG were in resistant category, fluconazole Etest MIC on GMB revealed a susceptible pattern. This discrepancy was attributed to trailing growth phenomenon and they recommended the use of GMB for exclusion of false resistance.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Influence of different susceptibility testing methods and media on determination of the relevant fluconazole minimum inhibitory concentrations for heavy trailing Candida isolates with low-high phenotype

Alp¹,

Sancak²,

Hasçelik³

et al. 2009

Mycoses

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We investigated the incidence of trailing growth with fluconazole in 101 clinical Candida isolates (49 C. albicans and 52 C. tropicalis) and tried to establish the convenient susceptibility testing method and medium for fluconazole minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) determination. MICs were determined by CLSI M27-A2 broth microdilution (BMD) and Etest methods on RPMI-1640 agar supplemented with 2% glucose (RPG) and on Mueller-Hinton agar supplemented with 2% glucose and 0.5 μg ml(-1) methylene blue (GMB). BMD and Etest MICs were read at 24 and 48 h, and susceptibility categories were compared. All isolates were determined as susceptible with BMD, Etest-RPG and Etest-GMB at 24 h. While all isolates were interpreted as susceptible at 48 h on Etest-RPG and Etest-GMB, one C. albicans isolate was interpreted as susceptible-dose dependent (S-DD) and two C. tropicalis isolates were interpreted as resistant with BMD. On Etest-RPG, trailing growth caused widespread microcolonies within the inhibition zone and resulted in confusion in MIC determination. On Etest-GMB, because of the nearly absence of microcolonies within the zone of inhibition, MICs were evaluated more easily. We conclude that, for the determination of fluconazole MICs of trailing Candida isolates, the Etest method has an advantage over BMD and can be used along with this reference method. Moreover, GMB appears more beneficial than RPG for the fluconazole Etest.

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Perspectives on antifungal susceptibility testing in Candida

Deorukhkar¹,

Saini²,

Mathew³

2014

Int J Infect Trop Dis

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Evaluation of glucose-methylene-blue-mueller-hinton agar for E-test minimum inhibitory concentration determination in <i>Candida </i>spp.

Cited by 3 publications

References 4 publications

Identification of Candida Species From Clinical Samples and Their Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns

Identification of Candida Species From Clinical Samples and Their Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns

Influence of different susceptibility testing methods and media on determination of the relevant fluconazole minimum inhibitory concentrations for heavy trailing Candida isolates with low-high phenotype

Perspectives on antifungal susceptibility testing in Candida

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