Evaluation of gender difference in skin type and pH

Kim, Myo-Kyoung; Choi, Seo-Young; Byun, Hee-Jin; Huh, Chul; Park, Kyoung-Chan; Patel, Rajul A.; Shinn, Annie H.; Youn, Sung Won

doi:10.1016/j.jdermsci.2005.12.001

Cited by 78 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…We do not know what drives these differences in overall diversity, but differences in skin pH may be influential. Men generally have more acidic skin than women (22,23), and work from other microbial habitats has shown that microbial diversity is often lower in more acidic environments (24)(25)(26). Other explanations for why men and women appear to harbor distinct hand bacterial communities may include differences in sweat or sebum production, frequency of moisturizer or cosmetics application, skin thickness, or hormone production (4,23).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of sex, handedness, and washing on the diversity of hand surface bacteria

Fierer

Hamady

Lauber

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

974

935

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Bacteria thrive on and within the human body. One of the largest human-associated microbial habitats is the skin surface, which harbors large numbers of bacteria that can have important effects on health. We examined the palmar surfaces of the dominant and nondominant hands of 51 healthy young adult volunteers to characterize bacterial diversity on hands and to assess its variability within and between individuals. We used a novel pyrosequencing-based method that allowed us to survey hand surface bacterial communities at an unprecedented level of detail. The diversity of skin-associated bacterial communities was surprisingly high; a typical hand surface harbored >150 unique species-level bacterial phylotypes, and we identified a total of 4,742 unique phylotypes across all of the hands examined. Although there was a core set of bacterial taxa commonly found on the palm surface, we observed pronounced intra-and interpersonal variation in bacterial community composition: hands from the same individual shared only 17% of their phylotypes, with different individuals sharing only 13%. Women had significantly higher diversity than men, and community composition was significantly affected by handedness, time since last hand washing, and an individual's sex. The variation within and between individuals in microbial ecology illustrated by this study emphasizes the challenges inherent in defining what constitutes a ''healthy'' bacterial community; addressing these challenges will be critical for the International Human Microbiome Project.human microbiome ͉ pyrosequencing ͉ skin bacteria

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of sex, handedness, and washing on the diversity of hand surface bacteria

Fierer

Hamady

Lauber

et al. 2008

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

974

935

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, very little information is available about the dermatological needs and physical properties of male skin. While previous studies were designed to compare gender-specific differences [5,6] and to evaluate skin care products related to shaving procedures [7] and androgenetic alopecia [8], we performed the first systematic assessment of the skin physiology of men. Special attention was given to the evaluation of changes in skin properties due to the aging process.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, very little is known about the dermatological needs and physical properties of male skin. Finally, most published data regarding male skin deal with gender differences [5,6] or evaluate skin care products related to shaving procedures [7] and androgenetic alopecia [8]. To the best of our knowledge, no study has been published to date investigating the lifetime development of the physiological properties of male skin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-Related Changes in Male Skin: Quantitative Evaluation of One Hundred and Fifty Male Subjects

Luebberding

Krueger

Kerscher

2013

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Background/Purpose: Modern men have changed their beauty and grooming habits, which has resulted in an increasing demand for cosmetics for men. However, very little information is available about the dermatological needs of male skin. Therefore, the aim of this present clinical study was to conduct the first systematic assessment of the skin physiology of men with special attention to lifetime changes. Methods: A total of 150 healthy male subjects (aged 20-70 years) were selected following strict criteria, including age, sun behavior and smoking habits. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), hydration level, sebum production and pH values were measured with worldwide-acknowledged biophysical measuring methods at the forehead, cheek, neck, volar forearm and dorsum of hand. Results: TEWL and sebum production vary by localization, but generally not with increasing age, whereas stratum corneum (SC) hydration decreases significantly at the face and neck. The greatest decrease was assessed at the forehead. Skin surface pH significantly increases with aging in the face. Conclusion: The present study assigns for the first time systematic reference values for standardized biophysical measuring methods and localizations reflecting the skin physiology of men in relation to age. The results show that the physiology of male skin partly changes with aging. While SC hydration and skin surface pH are affected by the subject's age, TEWL and sebum production show only minor variations.

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“…Establishing an understanding of these biophysical properties and their normal range is important as it provides a baseline for future research, and has relevance for studies into areas ranging from product testing to skin physiology, the microbiome and barrier function where environmental conditions, pH, TDC and gender can play a pivotal role [37].…”

Section: Biophysical Properties and Temporary Tattoo Sensorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Invasive Assessment of Skin Barrier Properties: Investigating Emerging Tools for In Vitro and In Vivo Applications

et al. 2017

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Abstract:There is increasing interest in the development of non-invasive tools for studying the properties of skin, due to the potential for non-destructive sampling, reduced ethical concerns and the potential comparability of results in vivo and in vitro. The present research focuses on the use of a range of non-invasive approaches for studying skin and skin barrier properties in human skin and human skin equivalents (HSE). Analytical methods used include pH measurements, electrical sensing of the epidermis and detection of volatile metabolic skin products. Standard probe based measurements of pH and the tissue dielectric constant (TDC) are used. Two other more novel approaches that utilise wearable platforms are also demonstrated here that can assess the electrical properties of skin and to profile skin volatile species. The potential utility of these wearable tools that permit repeatability of testing and comparability of results is considered through application of our recently reported impedance-based tattoo sensors and volatile samplers on both human participants and HSEs. The HSE exhibited a higher pH (6.5) and TDC (56) than human skin (pH 4.9-5.6, TDC 29-36), and the tattoo sensor revealed a lower impedance signal for HSEs, suggesting the model could maintain homeostasis, but in a different manner to human skin, which demonstrated a more highly resistive barrier. Characterisation of volatiles showed a variety of compound classes emanating from skin, with 16 and 27 compounds identified in HSEs and participants respectively. The continuing development of these tools offers potential for improved quality and relevance of data, and potential for detection of changes that are undetectable in traditional palpable and visual assessments, permitting early detection of irritant reactions.

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Evaluation of gender difference in skin type and pH

Cited by 78 publications

References 8 publications

The influence of sex, handedness, and washing on the diversity of hand surface bacteria

The influence of sex, handedness, and washing on the diversity of hand surface bacteria

Age-Related Changes in Male Skin: Quantitative Evaluation of One Hundred and Fifty Male Subjects

Non-Invasive Assessment of Skin Barrier Properties: Investigating Emerging Tools for In Vitro and In Vivo Applications

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