Age-Related Changes in Male Skin: Quantitative Evaluation of One Hundred and Fifty Male Subjects

Luebberding, Stefanie; Krueger, Nils; Kerscher, Martina

doi:10.1159/000351349

Cited by 42 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…In postmenopausal compared with premenopausal woman the pH increased from 4.7 to 5.0. Well documented are an increased SC pH and a reduced buffer capacity in the elderly …”

Section: Ph Of the Healthy Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

pH in nature, humans and skin

Proksch

2018

The Journal of Dermatology

385

273

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The pH plays an important physiological role in nature and humans. pH varies from 1 to 8 in human organs with tight regulation in blood and epithelia of barrier organs. The physiological pH of the stratum corneum is 4.1-5.8 and several mechanisms contribute to its formation: filaggrin degradation, fatty acid content, sodium-hydrogen exchanger (NHE1) activation and melanosome release. First, the acidic pH of the stratum corneum was considered to present an antimicrobial barrier preventing colonization (e.g. by Staphylococcus aureus and Malassezia). Later on, it was found that the pH influences skin barrier function, lipid synthesis and aggregation, epidermal differentiation and desquamation. Enzymes of ceramide metabolism (e.g. β-glucocerebrosidase or acid sphingomyelinase) as well as proteases (e.g. chymotryptic enzyme or cathepsin D linked to epidermal differentiation and desquamation) are regulated by the pH. Experimental disruption of the physical barrier leads to an increase of pH, returning to normal levels only after many hours. Inflammatory skin diseases and diseases with an involvement of the epidermis exhibit a disturbed skin barrier and an increased pH. This is known for atopic dermatitis, irritant contact dermatitis, ichthyosis, rosacea and acne, but also for aged and dry skin. Normalizing the pH by acidification through topical treatment helps to establish a physiological microbiota, to repair skin barrier, to induce epidermal differentiation and to reduce inflammation.

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“…In postmenopausal compared with premenopausal woman the pH increased from 4.7 to 5.0. Well documented are an increased SC pH and a reduced buffer capacity in the elderly …”

Section: Ph Of the Healthy Skinmentioning

confidence: 99%

pH in nature, humans and skin

Proksch

2018

The Journal of Dermatology

385

273

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The pH of elderly skin becomes more alkaline with age [28][29][30]. pH changes in the skin can affect enzymatic activity within the SC [31].…”

Section: Dry Aging Skin (Xerosis)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic Pruritus in the Elderly: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis and Management

2015

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Chronic itch in the elderly is a common problem, with a significant impact on quality of life and sleep in elderly patients. Chronic itch may be attributable to several causes, including dry skin, immunosenescence and neural degeneration. Itch may also be caused by skin diseases, such as seborrhoeic dermatitis and stasis dermatitis; systemic conditions, such as end-stage renal disease and diabetes; and psychogenic conditions, such as depression and anxiety. The use of polypharmacy may also cause itch, with or without a rash. Specifically, thiazides and calcium channel blockers have been known to cause itch in elderly patients. Management should be tailored according to the underlying dermatological or systemic aetiology of itch. Topical treatment is the mainstay of therapy, providing special emphasis on skin hydration and barrier repair. In addition, topical and oral medications that target the nervous system and reduce neuronal hypersensitization, such as gabapentin and selective antidepressants, have a role in treating patients with severe chronic itch. Furthermore, management must account for changes in metabolism and pharmacokinetics of drugs in the aging population in order to prevent the occurrence of adverse effects.

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“…Stratum corneum (SC) hydration, assessed via electrical capacitance measures at forehead, neck, and forearm, tended to increase with age in females (3) but in males SC hydration decreased or remain unchanged (5). In both genders, reductions in most measures of skin elasticity and distensibility were demonstrated (1,4).…”

Section: ó 2015 John Wiley and Sons A/s Published By John Wiley And Sonsmentioning

confidence: 99%