Evaluation of four crops for nitrogen utilization and carbohydrate yield

Sah, R. N.; Geng, Shu; Puri, Y. P.; Rubatzky, Vincent E.

doi:10.1007/bf01049802

Cited by 10 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The dry matter content (g/kg) of JA tubers did not change significantly with respect to the years, time of harvest and clones, ranging between 220 and 260 g/kg; in contrast the dry matter of the stalks increased significantly in all clones from flowering (233 to 260 g/kg) to the end of the crop cycle (340 to 410 g/kg) (Baldini et al, 2004). Schittenhelm (1999) reported that the relatively poor yields of JA, compared with sugarbeet, agrees with previous reports from California (Sah et al, 1987), Germany (Thome and Kühbauch, 1987), Denmark (Zubr, 1989), and the Netherlands (Meijer et al, 1993). Aboveground dry matter yield of a JA cultivar grown in Germany under optimal N conditions was 5.01 Mg/ha (Schittenhelm, 1999).…”

Section: Biomass Yieldsupporting

confidence: 88%

The potential of wild sunflower species for industrial uses

Seiler

2007

Helia

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Within the past decade, the desire for alternative sources of fuels, chemicals, feeds, and other materials has received increased attention. Wild sunflower species have the potential to contribute to these renewable resources. During the past three decades, the narrow genetic base of cultivated sunflower has been broadened by the infusion of genes from wild relatives, which have provided a continuous source of agronomic traits for crop improvement. The genus Helianthus is composed of 51 species and 19 subspecies with 14 annual and 37 perennial species. Although oil concentrations of up to 37 g/kg have been reported in whole plants of one wild sunflower species, H. ciliaris, the achenes are the primary storage tissue for oil. The fatty acid composition of the achene oil determines its suitability for either food or industrial uses. Considerable variability has been reported in fatty acid composition of oil in achenes of the wild species. Other natural products may also be of economic value from the wild sunflower species. A natural rubber concentration of 19 g/kg has been reported in the whole plant of wild perennial H. radula with more than 92% pure rubber. Polyphenol yields of wild sunflower biomass are moderate, with H. strumosus yielding 139 g/kg. Hydrocarbon yields for wild sunflower biomass are average for most species, with H. salicifolius having the highest yield of 16 g/kg. The sugars in the stalks and tubers of Jerusalem artichoke (H. tuberosus) have been suggested as a potential source for bioethanol production. Jerusalem artichoke has been evaluated for inulin and sugar yield from stalks, yielding 10.4 and 8.0 t/ha, respectively, while tubers yield 13.7 t/ha of inulin and 13.3 t/ha of fructose. Biomass production has also been investigated in Jerusalem artichoke. Dry matter forage yields of 3.0 to 9.9 t/ha and tuber yields of 2.8 to 12.8 t/ha have been reported. Further research will be needed to assess the potential use of wild species for industrial purposes through selection and breeding.

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Section: Biomass Yieldsupporting

confidence: 88%

The potential of wild sunflower species for industrial uses

Seiler

2007

Helia

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“…It is apparent that even a plant with sufficient access to nutrients will still partition some of the assimilatory carbon to storage compounds, according to the reserve mode (Sah et al 1987;Mooney et al 1995;this study), even though doing so sacrifices the construction of new tissue. In fact, judging from the relatively modest accumulation response in O. sericea, true reserve formation appears to prevail in this species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Changes in carbohydrate concentration, however, may not reflect shifts in a whole-plant allocation pattern unless the growth of storage organs is also taken into account (Chapin et al 1990;Mooney et al 1995). Second, in crop cultivars, conditions restricting vegetative growth also favor carbohydrate storage (Kim et al 1985;Sah et al 1987;Rychter and Randall 1994;Mooney et al 1995;but see Long 1936), although cultivated plants may not constitute good models for wild plants because their allocation patterns have been altered through artificial selection (Evans 1993). Finally, in the daily course of photosynthesis, starch accumulates in leaves because of an excess of photosynthate production over utilization and export (references in Wardlaw 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of Nutrients on Growth Rate and Carbohydrate Storage inOxytropis sericea: A Test of the Carbon Accumulation Hypothesis

Wyka¹

2000

International Journal of Plant Sciences

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The pool of storage carbohydrates in plants may be formed in competition with allocation to growth ("true reserves") or, where growth is inhibited by external factors, with no cost to growth ("accumulated reserves"). The latter hypothesis was addressed using Oxytropis sericea, a perennial herb from the Rocky Mountains. To generate variation in growth rate, greenhouse-cultivated plants were assigned to low or high nutrient levels in 2 yr. Age of plants was also varied either by conducting consecutive harvests (1996) or using plants of different initial age (1997). In both years, plants from the high-nutrient group attained larger vegetative biomass than plants in the low-nutrient group and also displayed an overall lower carbon allocation to storage, consistent with the accumulation hypothesis.

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“…Several studies have compared Jerusalem artichoke and root chicory side‐by‐side (Haber et al, 1941; Sah et al, 1987; Thome and Kühbauch, 1987; Meijer et al, 1993) as well as Jerusalem artichoke and sugarbeet (Zubr, 1989) To the best of my knowledge, no studies have been performed so far in which root chicory and Jerusalem artichoke have been tested together with sugarbeet in the same experiment. In a previous study, Sah et al (1987) compared productivity of beets, root chicory, and Jerusalem artichoke at different levels of N fertilization. However, since these authors were primarily interested in fuel energy, they used fodder beet instead of sugarbeet.…”

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confidence: 99%

Agronomic Performance of Root Chicory, Jerusalem Artichoke, and Sugarbeet in Stress and Nonstress Environments

Schittenhelm¹

1999

Crop Science

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the traditional classification, according to the primary storage carbohydrate, into sucrose-, fructan-, and starch-Introduction of the fructan crops root chicory (Cichorium intybus crops, is becoming increasingly inappropriate. A recent L.; RC) and Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.; JA) into example is the creation of a fructan beet through inagricultural production systems is desirable to diversify crop rotation. Field experiments were conducted to compare the agronomic perfor-serting into sugarbeet a single gene from Jerusalem artimance of RC and JA with sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.; SB). One choke that encodes an enzyme which converts sucrose set of cultivars during 1995, 1996, and 1997 and an additional set in 1997 to fructan (Sé venier et al., 1998). From an agroecological were grown on a sandy loam soil (Haplic Luvisol) at Braunschweig, point of view, it is desirable to have for each kind of Germany. Crops were cultivated with and without supplemental irrigaagricultural raw products one or few alternative crops, tion, complete and no weed control (1995 and 1996), and N fertilization instead of a single multiple-use major crop. However, rates of 0, 60, and 120 kg ha Ϫ1 . Severe water stress caused significant under present conditions in agriculture, root chicory and but similar storage organ yield losses in all crops, whereas mild water Jerusalem artichoke will only become true alternative stress mainly affected JA yields. Averaged across years and N levels, sugar crops if the raw materials are produced at prices storage organ yield losses through weed competition under irrigation competitive to those of established high yielding crops. amounted to 70, 47, and 8% in SB, RC, and JA, respectively. Averaged across years, in the absence of water and weed stress, SB, RC, and

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Evaluation of four crops for nitrogen utilization and carbohydrate yield

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

The potential of wild sunflower species for industrial uses

The potential of wild sunflower species for industrial uses

Effect of Nutrients on Growth Rate and Carbohydrate Storage inOxytropis sericea: A Test of the Carbon Accumulation Hypothesis

Agronomic Performance of Root Chicory, Jerusalem Artichoke, and Sugarbeet in Stress and Nonstress Environments

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