Evaluation of follicular lymphoid depletion in the Bursa of Fabricius: an alternative methodology using digital image analysis and artificial neural networks

Moraes, Lucas Brunelli de; Osório, Fernando Santos; Salle, Felipe de Oliveira; Souza, Guilherme Fonseca de; Moraes, Hamilton Luiz de Souza; Fallavena, Luiz Cesar Bello; Santos, Luciana R.; Salle, Carlos Tadeu Pippi

doi:10.1590/s0100-736x2010000400010

Cited by 9 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…All BF were submitted to histopathological examination to determine the presence of lesions. The lymphoid depletion score was obtained through mathematical modeling by utilizing artificial neural networks, in accordance to the method proposed by Moraes et al (2010).…”

Section: Gross and Microscopic Examination Of The Bursa Of Fabriciusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious Bursal Disease: Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity of Vaccines

Camilotti

Moraes

Furian

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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The Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) is a contagious viral disease that affects young chickens and may cause high morbidity and mortality. As the virus is very resistant to the environment, vaccination is required in case of high infection pressure. Due to variations in the virulence degree of the vaccines available to control IBD, this study aimed at evaluating the pathogenicity and immunogenicity of three types of vaccines. In total, 220 one-day-old specific pathogen free (SPF) chickens were immunized with recombinant, immune-complex and intermediate vaccines, or not vaccinated (55 birds per group) and challenged with IBD G11 strain on day 25. On days 25, 30, and 35, the Bursa of Fabricius (BF) were submitted to gross and histological examination, and serum samples were submitted to ELISA to determined anti-IBD antibody titers. On day 23, chickens were submitted to the test of hypersensitivity to phytohemagglutinin to evaluate the immunosuppressive effect of vaccines on the cell-mediated immunity. The results have indicated that the immune-complex vaccine induced the most severe BF lesions, whereas the recombinant vaccine preserved BF tissue and cell integrity. The three evaluated vaccines induced humoral immunity of similar intensity. The cellular reaction to phytohemagglutinin of the chickens immunized with recombinant and immune-complex vaccines was less severe compared with the unvaccinated chickens. In conclusion, these results indicate that the immune-complex vaccine was the most pathogenic and that all vaccines were effective in protecting SPF chickens against IBD.

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Section: Gross and Microscopic Examination Of The Bursa Of Fabriciusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious Bursal Disease: Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity of Vaccines

Camilotti

Moraes

Furian

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Cienc. Avic.

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“…This finding was not observed by Moraes et al (2010), who noticed a gray zone for the classification of the follicles of cloacal bursa in the DS 2, 3 and 5. Salle et al (2011) performed a study in order to validate the ADDL system for the cloacal bursa.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 53%

“…Despite the high percentage of correct classifications, it is important to highlight that it is always possible to improve the ANN by adding the analyses of other histologists. Moraes et al (2010), had the accuracy percentage of approximately 62% while classifying the follicles of cloacal bursa using also, the ADDL system in five scores. This fact shows how adjusted the model built in this study to evaluate the thymus is.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Such characteristics are indispensable regarding a laboratorial tool so spread as the histopathology. Moraes et al (2010) proposed a new methodology that reduces considerably the subjectivity to establish the lymphocytary loss of the cloacal bursa through a system called Digital Analyses of the Lymphoid Depletion (ADDL -Avaliação Digital da Depleção Linfocitária). The ADDL is based on the use of image analyses and artificial intelligence, producing a more accurate method to quantify the lesion.…”

Section: Evaluation Of Thymic Lymphocyte Loss Of Broiler Using Digitalmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Image analyses. The images were processed according established by Moraes et al (2010) (Fig.2). It was done with the software Matlab ® 6.5 -Mathworks.…”

Section: Submissionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of thymic lymphocyte loss of broiler using Digital Analysis of the Lymphoid Depletion System (ADDL)

et al. 2016

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The thymus is a lymphoid organ and usually evaluated for the degree of lymphocyte loss with subjective histological techniques. This study aimed to adapt and to apply of the digital analysis of the lymphoid depletion system (ADDL) in the thymus in order to obtain a more accurate analysis. Glucocorticoid was used to induce immunosuppression in 55 broilers at 21 days of age; other 15 broilers were the control group. After euthanasia of the broilers, postmortem examination was made. Both thymic chains were collected and six lobes were selected for histological examination of the degree of lymphocyte depletion (scores 1 to 5) and for submission to all stages of processing by the ADDL system. The artificial constructed neural networks (ANN) obtained 94.03% of correct classifications. In conclusion, it was possible to adopt objective criteria to evaluate thymic lymphoid depletion with the ADDL system.

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Early infection with Marek’s disease virus can jeopardize protection conferred by laryngotracheitis vaccines: a method to study MDV-induced immunosuppression

et al. 2016

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Marek's disease virus (MDV) is a herpesvirus that induces lymphomas and immunosuppression in chickens. MDV-induced immunosuppression (MDV-IS) is divided into two phases: early-MDV-IS occurring mainly in chickens lacking maternal antibodies (MAb) against MDV and associated with lymphoid organ atrophy; and late-MDV-IS occurring once MDV enters latency and during tumour development. Our objectives were to document the impact of late-MDV-IS on commercial poultry (meat-type chickens bearing MAb against MDV and that were vaccinated or unvaccinated against MD) and to optimize a model to study late-MDV-IS under laboratory conditions. The impact of late-MDV-IS was evaluated by assessing the effect of early infection (day of age) with a very virulent plus MDV (vv+MDV) on the efficacy of chicken-embryo-origin (CEO) infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) virus vaccine against ILT challenge. The CEO ILT vaccine was administered in water at 14 days of age and ILT virus (ILTV) challenge was done intratracheally at 30 days of age. Development of ILT was monitored by daily evaluation of clinical signs, development of gross and histological lesions in trachea, and quantification of ILTV transcripts in trachea. Infection with vv+MDV strain 648A resulted in total abrogation of protection conferred by the CEO vaccine against ILTV challenge even in chickens vaccinated at 1 day of age with either HVT, HVT+SB-1, or CVI988. Chickens exposed to vv+MDV prior to vaccination with CEO ILTV vaccine had similar (P < 0.05) clinical scores, gross lesions, histopathologic lesion scores, and load of ILTV transcripts in trachea after ILTV challenge, as chickens that were not vaccinated with CEO ILTV vaccine.

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Evaluation of follicular lymphoid depletion in the Bursa of Fabricius: an alternative methodology using digital image analysis and artificial neural networks

Cited by 9 publications

References 21 publications

Infectious Bursal Disease: Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity of Vaccines

Infectious Bursal Disease: Pathogenicity and Immunogenicity of Vaccines

Evaluation of thymic lymphocyte loss of broiler using Digital Analysis of the Lymphoid Depletion System (ADDL)

Early infection with Marek’s disease virus can jeopardize protection conferred by laryngotracheitis vaccines: a method to study MDV-induced immunosuppression

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