Evaluation of fermented fish offal in formulated diet of the Indian major carp, rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton)

Abstract

. 2007. Evaluation of fermented fish offal in formulated diet of the Indian major carp, rohu, Labeo rohita (Hamilton). Acta Ichthyol. Piscat. 37 (2): 99-105.Background. Carp fish offal contains high amount of protein and lipid. The quest for protein sources alternative to fish meal has been a priority in aquaculture research because of growing concerns on the future availability of fish meal for incorporation in fish diets. This study determined the extent to which carp fish offal could be fermented and used to replace fish meal in the formulation of diet for fingerlings of Labeo rohita. Materials and Methods. Fish offal, comprising viscera of carp, was fermented along with mustard oil cake and rice bran anaerobically by a microbial suspension (10 8 cells · mL -1 ) under ambient temperature (27-30ºC). The fermented mixture was mixed with fish meal, mineral-and vitamin mixture to prepare three experimental diets: 1) a reference diet (T1), without any fermentation mixture, containing 40% fish meal, 2) a diet containing 25% fish offal (fermented) and 25% fish meal (T2), and 3) a diet containing 30% fish offal (fermented) and 20% fishmeal (T3). These diets were tested to evaluate growth and biochemical composition of the body of the fingerlings of Labeo rohita and apparent protein digestibility (APD) and intake rate of the diets by the fish. Proximate analysis of feed ingredients, experimental diets, faecal samples and the carcass were performed following the AOAC procedures. Results. Fingerlings of Labeo rohita, reared for 60 days with the diets containing fermented fish offal mixture (T2 and T3), showed higher growth and higher values of protein and lipid in the carcass than those reared with the reference diet (T1). Apparent protein digestibility of the diets did not vary significantly, but average feed intake rate of the T2 and T3 diets were higher than the T1 diet. Conclusions. Fermented fish offal is a viable alternative of fish meal in the formulation of diet for fingerlings of Labeo rohita. Fifty percent replacement of fish meal is possible by a mixture containing 30% fish offal. Further studies are required to improve quality of the fermentation mixture and increase the rate of replacement of fish meal.Keywords: fish offal, recycling, fishmeal, protein, growth, rohu, Labeo rohita ascertained as nutrient sources probably because of inherent difficulties in handling it either in dried or in raw condition. While drying of the offal results in considerable loss of the nutrients, its direct use leads to rapid spoilage of the whole diet. In the present study an attempt was made to evaluate if fish offal (FO) could be fermented and used to replace fish meal (FM) in the preparation of formulated fish diet. The process of fermentation or composting is widely employed in fish diet formulation to decrease the anti-nutritional factors and crude fibre content of plant diet stuff Das 1992, Bairagi et al. 2002). The process of fermentation improves nutritional quality of animal product also. Rangacharyulu et al. (2003) o...

Can fermented soybean meal and squid by-product blend be used as fishmeal replacements for Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus)?

“…The technique allows comparatively higher inclusion levels (30-40%) of oilseed meals, legumes and aquatic macrophytes compared to non-fermented raw meals (10-20%) in the diets of L. rohita (Mukhopadhyay & Ray 1999;Bairagi et al 2002;Ramachandran & Ray 2007). The results in the present study is in harmony with the previous studies, reported that 30-50% FM protein could be replaced with fermented fisheries by-products and plant protin from the diets of L. rohita, H. fossilis, O. niloticus and P. major (Fagbenro et al 1994;Mondal et al 2007Mondal et al , 2008Kader et al 2011). Reduction in FI with the increasing FM replacement levels were attributed for the reduced growth performance in Japanese flounder (Deng et al 2006;Uyan et al 2006).…”

“…; Fagbenro & Jauncey ). Mondal, Kaviraj, Mukhopadhyay, Datta and Sengupta () and Mondal et al . () reported that fermented fish offal, mustard oil cake and rice bran mixture could replace 50% FM protein from the diets of Indian major carp and catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis .…”

“…Co-dried fermented fish silage and SBM was found to be a suitable protein supplement in the diets of catfish, Clarias gariepinus and Nile tila-pia, Oreochromis niloticus (Fagbenro et al 1994;Fagbenro & Jauncey 1995). Mondal, Kaviraj, Mukhopadhyay, Datta and Sengupta (2007) and Mondal et al (2008) reported that fermented fish offal, mustard oil cake and rice bran mixture could replace 50% FM protein from the diets of Indian major carp and catfish, Heteropneustes fossilis. In earlier study, we also found that fermented SBM and scallop by-products blend could replace 30% FM protein in red sea bream diet (Kader et al 2011).…”

Growth, nutrient utilization, oxidative condition, and element composition of juvenile red sea bream Pagrus major fed with fermented soybean meal and scallop by-product blend as fishmeal replacement

“…These results are in accordance with a previous report by Sun et al [8], who found that fermented fisheries by-products and soybean curd residues could replace up to 30% FM protein in diet of juvenile Japanese flounder. It has also been reported that 50% FM protein can be replaced with fermented fish offal, mustard oil cake, and rice bran mixture in diets of Indian major carp (L. rohita) and freshwater catfish (H. fossilis) [9,10]. Codried fermented fish silage and soybean meal can also partially replace FM protein in tilapia and catfish diets [4,11].…”

“…It is also a useful technique for drying wet product with minimal nutrient loss [7]. Sun et al [8] reported that fermented fisheries byproducts and soybean curd residues mixture could replace 30% FM protein from diets of Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus, while in freshwater fish (Labeo rohita and Heteropneustes fossilis) 50% FM protein could be replaced with fermented fish offal, mustard oil cake, and rice bran mixture [9,10]. Codried fermented fish silage and soybean meal was also found to be a suitable protein supplement in diets of catfish Clarias gariepinus and Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus [4,11].…”