Evaluation of feed value of a by-product of pickled radish for ruminants: analyses of nutrient composition, storage stability, and in vitro ruminal fermentation

Abstract

BackgroundBy-products of pickled radish (BPR) are considered food waste. Approximately 300 g/kg of the total mass of raw materials becomes BPR. Production of pickled radish has grown continuously and is presently about 40,000 metric tons annually in Korea. The objective of the present study was thus to explore the possibility of using BPR as a ruminant feed ingredient.ResultsBPR contained a large amount of moisture (more than 800 g/kg) and ash, and comprised mostly sodium (103 g/kg DM) and chloride (142 g/kg DM). On a dry matter basis, the crude protein (CP) and ether extract (EE) levels in BPR were 75 g/kg and 7 g/kg, respectively. The total digestible nutrient (TDN) level was 527 g/kg and the major portion of digestible nutrients was carbohydrate; 88 % organic matter (OM) was carbohydrate and 65 % of total carbohydrate was soluble or degradable fiber. The coefficient of variation (CV) of nutrient contents among production batches ranged from 4.65 to 33.83 %. The smallest CV was observed in OM, and the largest, in EE. The variation in CP content was relatively small (10.11 %). The storage stability test revealed that storage of BPR at 20 °C (room temperature) might not cause spoilage for 4 d, and possibly longer. If BPR is refrigerated, spoilage can be deferred for 21 d and longer. The in vitro ruminal fermentation study showed that substitution of annual ryegrass straw with BPR improved ruminal fermentation, as evidenced by an increase in VFA concentration, DM degradability, and total gas production.ConclusionThe major portion of nutrients in BPR is soluble or degradable fiber that can be easily fermented in the rumen without adverse effects, to provide energy to ruminant animals. Although its high sodium chloride content needs to be considered when formulating a ration, BPR can be successfully used as a feed ingredient in a ruminant diet, particularly if it is one component of a total mixed ration.

Effects of reducing inclusion rate of roughages by changing roughage sources and concentrate types on intake, growth, rumen fermentation characteristics, and blood parameters of Hanwoo growing cattle (Bos Taurus coreanae)

“…The nutrient composition of the samples was analyzed at Cumberland Valley Analytical Services Inc. (Hagerstown, MD, USA). References of the analytical methods used for chemical analysis in this study are fully described elsewhere [14]. The content of DM (#934.15), CP (#990.03), ether extract (#920.39), acid detergent fiber (#973.18), and ash (#942.05) were determined.…”

Effects of short-term fasting on in vivo rumen microbiota and in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics

“…However, some studies have noted that the ruminal fluid might mask the true effect of feed or feed additives if these effects are large. Therefore, the rumen contents are collected prior to feeding (i.e., before morning feeding) [5,6]. However, nutrient perturbation, even for short intervals, influences the rumen microbiota and microbial activity in the rumen [7].…”

Effects of Dietary Fat Level of Concentrate Mix on Growth Performance, Rumen Characteristics, Digestibility, Blood Metabolites, and Methane Emission in Growing Hanwoo Steers

“…Chemical analyses were performed as described by Jeon et al [ 18 ]. The feed and fecal samples were dried at 60 °C for 96 h and ground through a cyclone mill (Foss, Hillerød, Denmark) fitted with a 1 mm screen.…”