Evaluation of factors affecting serum IgG concentrations in bottle-fed calves

Chigerwe, Munashe; Tyler, Jeff W.; Summers, Marin K; Middleton, John R.; Schultz, Loren G.; Nagy, Dusty W.

doi:10.2460/javma.234.6.785

Cited by 30 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Higher serum IgG concentrations were achieved in calves given greater quantities of colostrum (Stott et al 1979b, Chigerwe et al 2009, Godden et al 2009) but foals generally do not ingest more than around 250 ml per bottle feed. Whether a higher feeding frequency would lead to greater overall volumes ingested is unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Studies in calves indicate that quantity and quality of colostrum as well as time point and method for administering colostrum are all important factors preventing FTPI (Patel et al 2014). Recommendations for postnatal care in calves are based on findings of a number of studies and include oral intake of at least 3 L of colostrum with IgG concentrations of at least 50 g/L administered by bottle or esophageal tube immediately after birth (Stott et al 1979b, Besser et al 1991, Chigerwe et al 2009, Godden et al 2009). In contrast, very few studies have been carried out to validate recommendations for postnatal care in foals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of different postnatal care practices on serum gamma globulin concentrations in neonatal foals

Tscheschlok¹,

Howard²,

Venner³

2016

PHK

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Summary:The aim of the present study was to evaluate failure of transfer of passive immunity (FTPI), estimated using electrophoretic gamma globulin concentrations (EGG), during the first 24 hours of life in neonatal foals given either intensive postnatal assistance to nurse or no assistance for the first twelve hours postnatum. Sixty warmblood foals from the same breeding farm were included in this prospective study. Of these, 40 foals (Group 1) were assisted to stand after one hour and nurse after two hours postnatum. They received colostrum by bottle hourly from two hours postnatum until they nursed unaided, as well as by bottle or nasogastric tube after eight hours postnatum if their general condition declined. A further 20 foals (Group 2) received no initial assistance but were given colostrum by bottle or nasogastric tube twelve hours postnatum if they had not nursed or if their general condition declined. A serum protein electrophoresis was performed from samples collected 6, 8, 10, 12, 18 and 24 hours after birth in each foal. In Group 1, 16/40 foals nursed unaided within two hours postnatum, 16/40 foals were assisted to the dam's udder, and 8/40 foals received colostrum by bottle. The median time from birth to the first unassisted intake of colostrum was 141 minutes and 149 minutes in Groups 1 and 2, respectively. The median EGG concentration was lowest at 6 hours postnatum in both groups. At 10 hours postnatum, both groups achieved a median EGG above 8 g/L. The highest median EGG concentration was reached at 12 hours in both groups, after which no significant change in EGG concentrations was observed. No significant difference in EGG concentrations was found between the groups. Moreover, no difference in the proportion of foals with FTPI (defined as EGG < 8 g/L at 24 hours postnatum) was found between the groups. Findings of the present study suggest that EGG concentrations and FTPI are not significantly affected by the postnatal care practices used in this breeding farm. Further investigations are required to evaluate methods of postnatal care that may considerably impact FTPI in neonatal foals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of different postnatal care practices on serum gamma globulin concentrations in neonatal foals

Tscheschlok¹,

Howard²,

Venner³

2016

PHK

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“…The amount of serum IgG was estimated on-farm using total protein quantification by refractometry (Weaver and others 2000), using the cut-off of 5.5 g/dl (10 g/l of IgG), which provides an adequate sensitivity (0.94) and specificity (0.74) at minimal cost, even with dehydrated calves (Tyler and others 1999). A failure of passive transfer (FPT) prevalence of 70 per cent was found (7 calves out 10), which is markedly above the goal of less than 10 per cent (Chigerwe and others 2009). …”

Section: Investigationsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Investigation of an outbreak of neonatal calf diarrhoea in a dairy herd

Abuelo

2016

Vet Record Case Reports

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Neonatal calf diarrhoea can have a severe impact on health and growth of the individual affected. It also leads to significant economic losses in herds with high disease incidence. This case report documents the investigation and follow-up of a dairy herd with increased incidence of neonatal diarrhoea and scours-related mortality of calves. It also reflects how managing the expansion of a herd inappropriately can cause several losses, particularly in young stock. Treatment of individual sick animals, corrective and preventive measures are also discussed. It is also highlighted that a continuous monitoring programme of the progress of the herd and checking that recommended practices continue once the incidence of diarrhoea decreases is vital for preventing a recurrence of a following outbreak.

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“…Mean colostral IgG concentrations of 68.5 g/L in Holstein cows were recently reported, whereby 32% of cows had poor colostrum quality (< 50 g/L) if milked within 1 h after calving. Pluriparous cows had higher IgG concentrations than primiparous cows in some, but not all studies [10,58-60]. Colostral IgG concentration decreases by 3.7% during each subsequent hour post calving; therefore, time of first milking is the most crucial factor regarding colostrum quality that the producer can influence [61].…”

Section: Colostrum Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%