Evaluation of exosomal miRNAs as potential diagnostic biomarkers for acute myocardial infarction using next-generation sequencing

Abstract

Background: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the most common global causes of death.Although considerable progress has been made in AMI diagnosis, there remains an urgent need for novel diagnostic biomarkers for its prevention and treatment. Functional exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) are recognized as potential biomarkers in many diseases. This study's objective was to identify specific plasma exosomal miRNAs with biomarker potential for early AMI detection.Methods: Exosomes from the plasma of 26 coronary artery disease (CAD) patients, 55 AMI patients, and 37 healthy controls were isolated and characterized by transmission electron microcopy (TEM), western blotting, and nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA). The miRNAs were purified from exosomes, and unique molecular identifier (UMI) small RNA sequencing was performed. The random forest (RF) model was trained to predict potential biomarkers.Results: NTA demonstrated that nanoparticle concentration did not change after AMI, while nanoparticle size distribution significantly decreased. The CAD and AMI groups' miRNA expression profiles significantly differed from the healthy group's profile. The RF classifier could be used to distinguish the healthy group from the AMI group, but could not be used to distinguish the CAD group from the other groups, which caused a high classification error rate. Eighteen miRNAs were selected as biomarkers based on their RF classifier significance. The diagnostic accuracy of 18 miRNAs was evaluated using AUC values of 0.93, 0.87, and 0.75 to detect healthy controls, AMI, and CAD, respectively.Conclusions: Nanoparticle diameter and the 18 miRNAs may serve as simple and accessible fingerprints for early AMI diagnosis.

Circulating miRNAs as Auxiliary Diagnostic Biomarkers for Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review, Meta-Analysis, and Recommendations

“…Although miRNA expression levels differed significantly, no individual miRNA exhibited excellent differential diagnostic ability, indicating that this area needs to be further explored with more meticulous design for subject enrolment. Moreover, a variety of diseases such as inflammation ( 33 ), cardiovascular diseases ( 34 ), or other non-cancerous illnesses ( 35 ) may also alter miRNA profile and level, which should be taken into account by researchers when setting up control groups.…”

Nanoparticles in the diagnosis and treatment of vascular aging and related diseases

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“…Although considerable progress has been made in its diagnosis, there is still an urgent need for new biomarkers for its prevention and treatment. Recently, Guo et al, identified specific plasma exosomal miRNAs with biomarker potential for early detection of AMI [211]. Specifically, hsa-let-7i-5p, hsa-miR-143-3p, hsa-miR-1180-3p and hsa-miR-3615 miRNAs were found in large amounts in circulating exosomes.…”

“…miRNA-325, miRNA-342-3p miRNA-653-5p, miRNA-222-3p, miRNA-224-5p and miRNA-532-5p [208] gestational diabetes mellitus miRNA-125b and miRNA-144 [209] miR-516-5p, miR-517-3p, miR-518-5p, miR-222-3p and miR-16-5p [210]cardiovascular diseases acute myocardial infarction hsa-miR-1180-3p, hsa-miR-3615, hsa-let-7i-5p, hsa-miR-106b-5p, hsa-miR -143-3p, hsa-miR-17-5p and hsa-miR-1273h-3p; 1[211] …”