Exosomes: Potential Disease Biomarkers and New Therapeutic Targets

Heredia, María Isabel Mosquera; Morales, Luis C. Sàenz; Vidal, Oscar M.; Barceló, Ernesto; Silvera-Redondo, Carlos; Vélez, Jorge I.; Garavito-Galofre, Pilar

doi:10.3390/biomedicines9081061

Cited by 53 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 349 publications

(495 reference statements)

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“…Moreover, miR-30a-5p is a factor in the pathogenesis of PD by regulating ubiquitin-mediated degradation of glutamate transporter 1, and it ameliorates the motor deficits and the pathological consequences [196]. Thereby, loading these molecules into EXOs is a nuanced approach, though it is still in its infancy since it harbors several beneficial effects and deserves to be studied in future experimental designs and clinical trials [197].…”

Section: Exos-loaded Short Hairpin (Sh-) Si- and Mirna Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes in Parkinson: Revisiting Their Pathologic Role and Potential Applications

et al. 2022

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Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor. Considerable progress has been made to understand the exact mechanism leading to this disease. Most of what is known comes from the evidence of PD brains’ autopsies showing a deposition of Lewy bodies—containing a protein called α-synuclein (α-syn)—as the pathological determinant of PD. α-syn predisposes neurons to neurotoxicity and cell death, while the other associated mechanisms are mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, which are underlying precursors to the death of dopaminergic neurons at the substantia nigra pars compacta leading to disease progression. Several mechanisms have been proposed to unravel the pathological cascade of these diseases; most of them share a particular similarity: cell-to-cell communication through exosomes (EXOs). EXOs are intracellular membrane-based vesicles with diverse compositions involved in biological and pathological processes, which their secretion is driven by the NLR family pyrin domain-containing three proteins (NLRP3) inflammasome. Toxic biological fibrils are transferred to recipient cells, and the disposal of damaged organelles through generating mitochondrial-derived vesicles are suggested mechanisms for developing PD. EXOs carry various biomarkers; thus, they are promising to diagnose different neurological disorders, including neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). As nanovesicles, the applications of EXOs are not only restricted as diagnostics but also expanded to treat NDDs as therapeutic carriers and nano-scavengers. Herein, the aim is to highlight the potential incrimination of EXOs in the pathological cascade and progression of PD and their role as biomarkers and therapeutic carriers for diagnosing and treating this neuro-debilitating disorder.

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Section: Exos-loaded Short Hairpin (Sh-) Si- and Mirna Moleculesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes in Parkinson: Revisiting Their Pathologic Role and Potential Applications

et al. 2022

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“…Exosomes containing super-repressor IκB can also be used in people with septic shock; they suppress the induction of septic shock due to IL-6, IL-1 and TNF cytokines by suppressing the NF-Kβ signaling pathway. In addition, recent studies have shown the effective role of exosomes in CVD treating by regulating cellular condition in cardio myocytes [ 26 ].…”

Section: Structure and Function Of Exosomementioning

confidence: 99%

Exosomes: Potential Player in Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Disease

et al. 2021

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Exosomes are spherical bilayer membrane vesicles with an average diameter of 40–100 nm. These particles perform a wide range of biological activities due to their contents, including proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, lncRNA, and miRNA. Exosomes are involved in inflammation induction, oxidative stress and apoptosis, which can be effective in endothelial dysfunction. Due to the induction of mentioned processes in the endothelial cells, the intercellular connections are destroyed, cell permeability increases and finally cell efficiency decreases and functional defects occur. Cardiovascular disease (CVDs) are of consequences of endothelial dysfunction. Thus by identifying the exosome signaling pathways, which induce inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, endothelial dysfunction and subsequently CVDs can be reduced; exosomes can be used for appropriate target therapy.

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“… 89 , 90 In the case of COVID‐19, it has also been proposed that exosomes either have the potential to involve in COVID‐19 pathogenesis or would be of utmost importance as novel and advanced biomarkers, particularly in personalized diagnostic and therapeutic criteria. 91 , 92 Notably, a proteomic profile related to exosomes in the critically and non‐critically ill patients, mainly thought to be related to inflammation, coagulation and immune response, was assessed. 93 In this regard, it has been reported that tenascin‐C (TNC) and fibrinogen‐β (FGB) were abundantly found in circulating exosomes of COVID‐19 patients.…”

Section: New Emerging Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, mounting evidence highlighted the therapeutic and diagnostic (theranostic) potential of exosomes, defined as secreted extracellular nano‐sized vesicles serving a substantial role in intercellular cargo transportation (eg lipids, proteins and microRNAs) through biological fluids, as well as drug delivery tools, under various pathophysiological conditions such as endocrinology, CVD, cancer and inflammation 89,90 . In the case of COVID‐19, it has also been proposed that exosomes either have the potential to involve in COVID‐19 pathogenesis or would be of utmost importance as novel and advanced biomarkers, particularly in personalized diagnostic and therapeutic criteria 91,92 . Notably, a proteomic profile related to exosomes in the critically and non‐critically ill patients, mainly thought to be related to inflammation, coagulation and immune response, was assessed 93 .…”

Section: New Emerging Biomarkersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A close‐up view of dynamic biomarkers in the setting of COVID‐19: Striking focus on cardiovascular system

Rezabakhsh

Sadat-Ebrahimi

Ala

et al. 2021

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Moment-by-moment reports exhibit the pandemic outbreak of new emerging coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which leads to over 4.55 million deaths worldwide. 1 There is no doubt that different cell types, particularly type II pneumocytes, with the ability to express transmembrane receptors, so-called angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) and transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2), are at the centre of a SARS-COV-2 attack (Figure 1A). 2,3 Considering the relatively high expression levels of ACE2 and TMPRSS2 in cardiomyocytes, it should come as no surprise that a significant proportion of the COVID-19 mortality is associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD), in which morbidity and mortality rates can increase in individuals with a history of cardiovascular (CV) co-morbidities. 4 In this sense, Razeghian-Jahromi et al. also emphasized the importance

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Exosomes: Potential Disease Biomarkers and New Therapeutic Targets

Cited by 53 publications

References 349 publications

Exosomes in Parkinson: Revisiting Their Pathologic Role and Potential Applications

Exosomes in Parkinson: Revisiting Their Pathologic Role and Potential Applications

Exosomes: Potential Player in Endothelial Dysfunction in Cardiovascular Disease

A close‐up view of dynamic biomarkers in the setting of COVID‐19: Striking focus on cardiovascular system

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