Evaluation of energy dispersive scanning electron microscopy and X-ray fluorescence techniques for analysis of compost quality

Abstract

The ED-XRF and SEM-EDS techniques are significant in analysis of compost quality and can be used as an alternative for AAS.

Spectral characterization and quality assessment of organic compost for agricultural purposes

“…The heavy metal concentration of the municipal solid waste compost was found within the permissible limits as prescribed by fertility control order standards (FCO). Further, it was observed that the heavy metal concentration decreased with the increase in composting period and is similar to the pattern as reported earlier (Manohara and Belagali 2016). The reported literature reported comparatively lesser value of cadmium content at the maturation stage of the compost samples in the compost plant of Mysore city, i.e., 0.01 mg/l (Kiran and Srikantaswamy 2014).…”

“…The concentrations of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorous (TP) were determined as per the procedure mentioned in IS-10158 (1982). Sodium and potassium were estimated by flame photometry method (Manohara and Belagali 2016). Calcium and magnesium were estimated by titration method, i.e., using an ammonium acetate (1:5) extract with standard EDTA solution using Eriochrome Black-T indicator and Patton-Reeder's indicators (Manohara and Belagali 2016).…”

“…Sodium and potassium were estimated by flame photometry method (Manohara and Belagali 2016). Calcium and magnesium were estimated by titration method, i.e., using an ammonium acetate (1:5) extract with standard EDTA solution using Eriochrome Black-T indicator and Patton-Reeder's indicators (Manohara and Belagali 2016). The heavy metal parameters including lead, zinc, cadmium, chromium, copper, and nickel were evaluated through atomic absorption spectroscopy.…”

“…Heavy metal analysis was accomplished on an atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS, GBC Avanta) with D2 background correction lamp, and acetylene flame was used as fuel for higher concentrations while electro thermal atomization in graphite furnace with argon as carrier gas was employed for lower concentrations (Manohara and Belagali 2016).…”

Prediction of As, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ni, and Se Concentrations in Organic Amendments Using Portable X-ray Fluorescence and Multivariate Modeling

“…The mining mode is a fundamental parameter calibration and it is recommended for high concentrations and quantification [5]. In the mining mode, readings were obtained for the following elements (the number of samples of the Manure and Refuse Sample Exchange Programme (MARSEP) with results above the limit of detection (LOD) are in parenthesis): Mo (11), Zr (29), Sr (30), Rb (30), Pb (22), As (10), Zn (30), Cu (26), Fe (30), Mn (20), Cr (24), V (22), Ti (29), Ca (30), K (29), S (30), Ba (22), Sn (11), Ag (9), Bal (30), Nb (11), Al (22), P (30), Si (30), Cl (29), Mg (9). The mining method gives a parameter called Bal (30), which is the difference from 100% of the sum of all measured elements.…”