Evaluation of endometrial steroid receptors and cell mitotic activity in women using copper intrauterine device: Can Cu‐T prevent endometrial cancer?

Guleria, Kiran; Agarwal, Neera; Mishra, Kiran; Gulati, Rachna; Mehendiratta, Anita

doi:10.1111/j.1447-0756.2004.00182.x

Cited by 38 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…It is likely that IUD use protects the cognitive function through changing the balance of hormone receptors or hormone levels in the uterus. However, some other studies presented different evidence [47][48][49][50]. Therefore, it is unclear whether use of an IUD will lower the risk of cognitive impairment through hormonal mechanisms, an issue worth further study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reproductive History and Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern China

Chen

et al. 2015

JAD

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Abstract.Background: Epidemiological studies suggest that proxies of higher lifetime estrogen exposure are associated with better cognitive function in postmenopausal women, but this has not been found consistently. Objective: To determine whether reproductive history, an important modifier of estrogen exposure across the lifetime, is associated with risk of cognitive impairment in postmenopausal women. Methods: We analyzed the baseline data from Zhejiang Major Public Health Surveillance Program (ZPHS) including 4,796 postmenopausal women. Cognitive impairment was assessed through the application of Mini-Mental State Examination questionnaire. Logistic regression models, controlled for an extensive range of potential confounders, were generated to examine the associations between women's reproductive history and risk of cognitive impairment in their later life. Results: The length of reproductive period was inversely associated with risk of cognitive impairment (p = 0.001). Odds ratio (OR) of cognitive impairment were 1.316 (95% CI 1.095∼1.582) for women with 5 or more times of full-term pregnancies, compared with those with 1∼4 times of full-term pregnancies. Women without incomplete pregnancy had a significant higher risk of cognitive impairment (OR = 1.194, 95% CI 1.000∼1.429), compared with the reference (1∼2 times of incomplete pregnancies). Oral contraceptive use (OR = 0.489, 95% CI 0.263∼0.910) and intrauterine device (IUD) use (OR = 0.684, 95% CI 0.575∼0.815) were associated with significantly reduced risk of cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Our results indicated that shorter reproductive period, higher number of full-term pregnancies and no incomplete pregnancy history were associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment. In contrast, oral contraceptive and IUD use corresponded to reduced risk of cognitive impairment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Reproductive History and Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern China

Chen

et al. 2015

JAD

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“…An IUD alters the endometrial environment and initiates immunologic and biochemical changes, including recruitment of phagocytes and mast cells [28]. It has also been suggested that use of a copper IUD decreases endometrial mitotic activity, estrogen receptor concentration and progesterone receptor concentration without altering serum estradiol or progesterone levels [29]. The type of IUD was not assessed on the baseline questionnaire, but the IUD mostly likely used was the stainless steel IUD (the Chinese ring), used in China since the 1960s [30,31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Menstrual and reproductive factors in relation to risk of endometrial cancer in Chinese women

Wernli

Ray

Gao³

et al. 2006

Cancer Causes Control

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Menstrual, reproductive and contraceptive factors have been associated with risk of endometrial cancer in populations where the incidence of this tumor is high. To investigate associations between these factors in a low-risk population with a low prevalence of hormone replacement therapy, we conducted a cohort study among 267,400 women employed in the textile industry in Shanghai, China. Menstrual, reproductive and other factors were ascertained at baseline in 1989-1991, and women were followed for incident endometrial cancer through 31 December 1998 (n = 206). Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Risk of endometrial cancer decreased with increasing age at menarche (p-trend = 0.004). Among menopausal women, risk increased with age at menopause and increasing years of menstruation. Compared to women with one live birth, risk was increased in relation to nulliparity (Hazard ratio = 3.95, 95% CI 1.43-10.86). Risk was decreased with increasing age at first live birth (p-trend = 0.03). There was a decreased risk associated with ever use of an intrauterine device (HR = 0.56, 95% CI 0.35-0.88) and use of oral contraceptives for > or =2 years (HR = 0.50, 95% CI 0.23-1.07). This prospective study confirms findings from previous case-control studies relating menstrual, reproductive, and contraceptive factors and endometrial carcinoma.

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“…[14][15][16][17][18] It has been suggested that IUD use may induce the inflammatory actions that eliminate abnormal and precancerous endometrial epithelial cells; 23 decrease hyperplasia of the endometrium, a known risk factor for endometrial cancer; 15 and reduce the concentration of estrogen receptors. 24 Hormonal IUD, which contains progesterone or levonorgestrel, has now been introduced in many countries. Studies are needed to evaluate its effects on endometrial cancer.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral contraceptive and IUD use and endometrial cancer: A population‐based case–control study in Shanghai, China

Tao

Wang

et al. 2006

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Oral contraceptive (OC) and intrauterine device (IUD) use have been shown to be protective factors for endometrial cancer in several epidemiological studies; however, few studies have been conducted in Chinese populations. We evaluated the association between OC and IUD use and endometrial cancer risk in a population-based case-control study among Chinese women in Shanghai, China. The study included 1,204 newly diagnosed endometrial cancer cases and 1,212 age frequency-matched healthy controls. Logistic regression models were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). In our study population, 18.5% cases and 24.9% controls reported having ever used OCs with an OR of 0.75 (95% CI, 0.60-0.93), after adjusting for known risk or protective factors for endometrial cancer. The risk of endometrial cancer decreased with long-term use of OCs with the OR for more than 72 months of use being 0.50 (95% CI, 0.30-0.85). The effect of OC use remained 25 or more years after cessation of use; the associated OR was 0.57 (95% CI 5 0.42-0.78) as compared to nonusers. Similarly, fewer cases than controls had ever used IUD, with the multivariable adjusted OR being 0.53 (95% CI 5 0.43-0.65). A reduction in risk was observed regardless the duration of use or age at first and last use. These results suggest that OC and IUD use may confer long-term protection against endometrial cancer. ' 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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Evaluation of endometrial steroid receptors and cell mitotic activity in women using copper intrauterine device: Can Cu‐T prevent endometrial cancer?

Cited by 38 publications

References 17 publications

Reproductive History and Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern China

Reproductive History and Risk of Cognitive Impairment in Elderly Women: A Cross-Sectional Study in Eastern China

Menstrual and reproductive factors in relation to risk of endometrial cancer in Chinese women

Oral contraceptive and IUD use and endometrial cancer: A population‐based case–control study in Shanghai, China

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