Evaluation of electropositive filtration for recovering norovirus in water

Lee, Heetae; Kim, Misoon; Paik, Soon-Young; Lee, Chan Hee; Jheong, Weon-Hwa; Kim, Jongmin; Ko, GwangPyo

doi:10.2166/wh.2010.190

Cited by 31 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The advantage to the use of murine norovirus is that high titers can be obtained via cell culture (24). In addition, our mean recovery rate of 29% for murine norovirus in groundwater is similar to that found previously for human noroviruses by Lambertini and colleagues, at 29% (21), and slightly higher than the 18% recovery that was demonstrated previously by Lee and colleagues (34). In addition, the studies by both Karim et al and Lee and colleagues demonstrated the effectiveness of the NanoCeram filter in recovering human noroviruses from spiked water samples (17,34).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Development and Evaluation of EPA Method 1615 for Detection of Enterovirus and Norovirus in Water

Cashdollar

Brinkman

Griffin

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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bThe U.S. EPA developed a sample concentration and preparation assay in conjunction with the total culturable virus assay for concentrating and measuring culturable viruses in source and drinking waters as part of the Information Collection Rule (ICR) promulgated in 1996. In an effort to improve upon this method, the U.S. EPA recently developed Method 1615: Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Method 1615 uses a culturable virus assay with reduced equipment and labor costs compared to the costs associated with the ICR virus method and introduces a new molecular assay for the detection of enteroviruses and noroviruses by reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. In this study, we describe the optimization of several new components of the molecular assay and examine virus recovery from ground, reagent-grade, and surface water samples seeded with poliovirus type 3 and murine norovirus. For the culturable virus and molecular assays, mean poliovirus recovery using the complete method was 58% and 20% in groundwater samples, 122% and 39% using low-titer spikes in reagent-grade water, 42% and 48% using high-titer spikes in reagent-grade water, and 11% and 10% in surface water with high turbidity, respectively. Murine norovirus recovery by the molecular assay was 30% in groundwater samples, less than 8% in both low-and high-titer spikes in reagent-grade water, and 6% in surface water with high turbidity. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of Method 1615 for use with groundwater samples and highlights the need for further research into its effectiveness with surface water.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Development and Evaluation of EPA Method 1615 for Detection of Enterovirus and Norovirus in Water

Cashdollar

Brinkman

Griffin

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…Poliovirus recoveries from ground and reagent grade waters and murine norovirus recoveries from groundwater met the EPA Method 1615 performance acceptance criteria (Table 11) and are similar to those reported by others 33,37,38 . Murine norovirus recoveries from LFB samples were much lower than those of poliovirus and would not have met the poliovirus-specific acceptance criteria.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…Similar to the results herein, Karim and colleagues reported a recovery for norovirus GI.1 of 4% from tap water 39 . Lee et al 37 reported mean recoveries for murine norovirus and human norovirus GII.4 of 18% and 26% from distilled water using disc filters, respectively. Using similar conditions to Lee and colleagues, Kim and Ko observed recoveries of 46% and 43% for these viruses, respectively 38 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Part III. Virus Detection by RT-qPCR

Fout¹,

Cashdollar²,

Griffin³

et al. 2016

JoVE

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EPA Method 1615 measures enteroviruses and noroviruses present in environmental and drinking waters. This method was developed with the goal of having a standardized method for use in multiple analytical laboratories during monitoring period 3 of the Unregulated Contaminant Monitoring Rule. Herein we present the protocol for extraction of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) from water sample concentrates and for quantitatively measuring enterovirus and norovirus concentrations using reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). Virus concentrations for the molecular assay are calculated in terms of genomic copies of viral RNA per liter based upon a standard curve. The method uses a number of quality controls to increase data quality and to reduce interlaboratory and intralaboratory variation. The method has been evaluated by examining virus recovery from ground and reagent grade waters seeded with poliovirus type 3 and murine norovirus as a surrogate for human noroviruses. Mean poliovirus recoveries were 20% in groundwaters and 44% in reagent grade water. Mean murine norovirus recoveries with the RT-qPCR assay were 30% in groundwaters and 4% in reagent grade water.

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“…It has been demonstrated that different secondary concentration techniques can affect virus recoveries 6,13,19,20 . Celite concentration has been shown to recover similar levels of virus to that of other secondary concentration methods 8,14 from a variety of matrices, while using quicker and simpler sample processing procedures.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Small Volume Procedure for Viral Concentration from Water

McMinn¹,

Korajkic²

2015

JoVE

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Small-scale concentration of viruses (sample volumes 1-10 L, here simulated with spiked 100 ml water samples) is an efficient, costeffective way to identify optimal parameters for virus concentration. Viruses can be concentrated from water using filtration (electropositive, electronegative, glass wool or size exclusion), followed by secondary concentration with beef extract to release viruses from filter surfaces, and finally tertiary concentration resulting in a 5-30 ml volume virus concentrate. In order to identify optimal concentration procedures, two different electropositive filters were evaluated (a glass/cellulose filter [1MDS] and a nano-alumina/glass filter [NanoCeram]), as well as different secondary concentration techniques; the celite technique where three different celite particle sizes were evaluated (fine, medium and large) followed by comparing this technique with that of the established organic flocculation method. Various elution additives were also evaluated for their ability to enhance the release of adenovirus (AdV) particles from filter surfaces. Fine particle celite recovered similar levels of AdV40 and 41 to that of the established organic flocculation method when viral spikes were added during secondary concentration. The glass/cellulose filter recovered higher levels of both, AdV40 and 41, compared to that of a nano-alumina/glass fiber filter. Although not statistically significant, the addition of 0.1% sodium polyphosphate amended beef extract eluant recovered 10% more AdV particles compared to unamended beef extract. Video LinkThe video component of this article can be found at

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Evaluation of electropositive filtration for recovering norovirus in water

Cited by 31 publications

References 38 publications

Development and Evaluation of EPA Method 1615 for Detection of Enterovirus and Norovirus in Water

Development and Evaluation of EPA Method 1615 for Detection of Enterovirus and Norovirus in Water

EPA Method 1615. Measurement of Enterovirus and Norovirus Occurrence in Water by Culture and RT-qPCR. Part III. Virus Detection by RT-qPCR

A Small Volume Procedure for Viral Concentration from Water

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