Evaluation of Electrophoretic Migration of Submicron Particles in a Microgap by Optical and Current Responses

Sugita, Tatsuya; Ohshima, Tetsuya

doi:10.1143/jjap.49.126602

Cited by 4 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…A wide variety of surface chemistries have been shown to demonstrate charging in nonpolar media. 27,28,33,40,46,47,51,54,[56][57][58][59][60]62,63,65,66,68,69,72,76,111,119,121,123,124 However, there are still outstanding issues, primarily relating to the charge control additive, the surfactant. Few surfactants have been employed in academic studies of nonpolar charging and exploring surfactants with related chemistries is important to improving their ability to stabilize charge and find use in applications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been found to charge particles both negatively 46 and positively. 65,76 Given that these studies are on three different hydrophobic surfaces (PMMA, hydrophobically-modified silica, and carbon black), the results indicate that the interaction of the surfactant with the surface is important in determining the resulting charge.…”

Section: Hydrophobic Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…127 Recent studies have used this approach to explain the charge induction of Zr(Oct) 2 in isoparaffin with copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) with PVA or resin 73,75 or in silicone oil with carbon black. 76 The explanation for the presence of charge is similar in the three papers, so only the mechanism as discussed by Jenkins et al will be presented. The system consists of surface groups S and an ionizable, dissociating surfactant CA, where the cation C + adsorbs first.…”

Section: Site-binding Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Zirconyl fatty acid salts have been used far less frequently, and normally only in one form, zirconyl 2-ethyl hexanoate (Zr(Oct) 2 ). 46,62,65,[73][74][75][76]…”

Section: Aggregation Of Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been found to charge particles both negatively 47 and positively. 66,77 Given that these studies are on three different hydrophobic surfaces (PMMA, hydrophobically-modified silica, and carbon black),…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Controlling colloid charge in nonpolar liquids with surfactants

Smith

Eastoe

2013

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

146

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The formation of ions in nonpolar solvents (with relative permittivity ε r of approximately 2) is more difficult than in polar liquids; however, these charged species play an important role in many applications, such as electrophoretic displays. The low permittivities (ε r) of these solvents mean that charges have to be separated by large distances to be stable (approximately 28 nm or 40 times that in water). The inverse micelles formed by surfactants in these solvents provide an environment to stabilize ions and charges. Common surfactants used are sodium dioctylsulfosuccinate (Aerosol OT or AOT), polyisobutylene succinimide, sorbitan oleate, and zirconyl 2-ethyl hexanoate. The behavior of charged inverse micelles has been studied on both the bulk and on the microscopic scale and can be used to determine the motion of the micelles, their structure, and the nature of the electrostatic double layer. Colloidal particles are only weakly charged in the absence of surfactant, but in the presence of surfactants, many types, including polymers, metal oxides, carbon blacks, and pigments, have been observed to become positively or negatively charged. Several mechanisms have been proposed as the origin of surface charge, including acid-base reactions between the colloid and the inverse micelle, preferential adsorption of charged inverse micelles, or dissolution of surface species. While most studies vary only the concentration of surfactant, systematic variation of the particle surface chemistry or the surfactant structure have provided insight into the origin of charging in nonpolar liquids. By carefully varying system parameters and working to understand the interactions between surfactants and colloidal surfaces, further advances will be made leading to better understanding of the origin of charge and to the development of more effective surfactants.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hydrophobic Surfacesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Site-binding Mechanismmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 Zirconyl fatty acid salts have been used far less frequently, and normally only in one form, zirconyl 2-ethyl hexanoate (Zr(Oct) 2 ). 46,62,65,[73][74][75][76]…”

Section: Aggregation Of Surfactantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Controlling colloid charge in nonpolar liquids with surfactants

Smith

Eastoe

2013

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

146

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Optical evidence for adsorption of charged inverse micelles in a Stern layer

Robben

Beunis

Neyts

et al. 2020

Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspect

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Evaluation of Electrophoretic Migration by Optical and Current Responses to Cyclic-Polarity-Reversed Triangular Voltage

Sugita¹,

Ohshima²

2011

Jpn. J. Appl. Phys.

Self Cite

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We studied the electrophoretic migration of electrophoretic inks by measuring the total reflection at the interface between the electrode and the ink solvent simultaneous with the current response to a cyclic-polarity-reversed triangular voltage. We demonstrated that the current peaks and optical responses to the cyclic-polarity-reversed triangular voltage are effective for the easy evaluation of mobility, the charge amount of ions and ink particles, and the interactions of particles with the electrode and inter-particles. The mobility of the ink particles was measured from the slopes of these peak voltages as functions of the square root of the time rate of the scanning voltage. The offset of line extrapolation indicated the interaction of the particles with the electrode. The optical response was effective for measuring the mobility even when the conductivity of the cell was too large to detect the drift current peaks. #

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Evaluation of Electrophoretic Migration of Submicron Particles in a Microgap by Optical and Current Responses

Cited by 4 publications

References 20 publications

Controlling colloid charge in nonpolar liquids with surfactants

Controlling colloid charge in nonpolar liquids with surfactants

Optical evidence for adsorption of charged inverse micelles in a Stern layer

Evaluation of Electrophoretic Migration by Optical and Current Responses to Cyclic-Polarity-Reversed Triangular Voltage

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