Evaluation of dietary intake in Korean adults according to energy intake from eating-out: Based on 2013~2014 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Male Korean workers eating out at dinner

“…In line with these results, Bae (2016) also highlighted that frequent OH eating, with possible deviation from the traditional Korean meal structure, could cause nutritional problems by showing that the consumption of meat, beverages and alcoholic beverages was significantly higher in adults with a high energy intake from OH eating, while the consumption of grains, vegetables, seafood and seaweed was significantly lower. In addition, Choi (2017), who explored the relationship between the place of food preparation and the type of food served, reported that the likelihood of consuming fried food was approximately 4.4 times higher when eating OH than when eating AH.…”

“…Among the male Korean workers in the current study, those in the OHG had a higher intake of energy, fat, and sodium, but a lower intake of carbohydrate at dinner than those in the AHG. Previous studies have shown similar results, reporting that an increased frequency of eating OH led to an increase in energy, fat and sodium intake (Guthrie et al , 2002; Kwon and Ju, 2014) and a decrease in vegetable, fruit and fiber intake (Bae 2016; Vandevijvere et al , 2009). There has been evidence that these changing dietary habits were associated with the prevalence of obesity and other related chronic diseases (Bes-Rastrollo et al , 2010; Kwock et al , 2011; Lee, 2009).…”

“…Participants with occupations in agriculture, forestry, and fishery and those who were unemployed were excluded from the analysis ( n =1,184). In addition, data were excluded if there were missing values about dinner ( n =100), if dinnertime meals were provided by the institutional foodservices ( n =102), or if energy intake from dinner appeared extreme (<166 kcal or>1666 kcal) ( n =230) in accordance with the previous KNHANES studies to avoid skewing of the data (Bae, 2016; Kim et al , 2016; Lim et al , 2017).…”

“…Although several studies have separately investigated issues associated with workers eating OH (apart from eating at worksites), most cases have been conducted with a specific focus either on breakfast, which many people skip (Lee, 2009) or on lunch, which is frequently consumed OH (Kim et al , 2016). In other cases, meal types have not been considered at all (Bae, 2016). Dinner has largely been overlooked, yet workers are more likely to be exposed to a heavy food intake when eating OH at dinner in a more relaxed and leisurely atmosphere after work hours.…”

Analysis of the association between health-related and work-related factors among workers and metabolic syndrome using data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016)

“…In this study, 20.6% of day workers ate out ≥ 1 times/day. Based on the KNHANES 2008–2014 report, the percentage of eating-out increased from 23.8% in 2008 to 28.3% in 2014 [21]. The negative effects of frequent eating-out on T2DM, CVD, Mets, and obesity have been reported and the frequency of eating-out is increasing, indicating the need to create healthy eating environments [22].…”