Evaluation of Cyclic Softening in Silts and Clays

Boulanger, Ross W.; Idriss, I. M.

doi:10.1061/(asce)1090-0241(2007)133:6(641)

Cited by 152 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The pore pressure generation markedly increases for cyclic strain amplitudes larger than 0.5-1.0%. The largest observed pore pressure ratios were in the range of 0.2-0.4, which is much lower than those for liquefiable sands or cyclic softened normally consolidated clays (e.g., Boulanger and Idriss, 2007).…”

Section: Cyclic Triaxial Testsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Laboratory Investigation of the Pre- and Post-Cyclic Volume Change Properties of Sherman Island Peat

2013

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Section: Cyclic Triaxial Testsmentioning

confidence: 71%

Laboratory Investigation of the Pre- and Post-Cyclic Volume Change Properties of Sherman Island Peat

2013

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“…Earthquake shaking may weaken clays and plastic silts. However, the strength loss is not as significant as for liquefiable soils (Bray and Sancio 2006;Boulanger and Idriss 2007). This weakening combined with inertial loading from seismic shaking may result in levee slope deformations.…”

Section: Seismic Threats To Leveesmentioning

confidence: 98%

Factors and Processes Affecting Levee System Vulnerability

Deverel¹,

Bachand²,

Brandenberg³

et al. 2016

SFEWS

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We appraised factors and processes related to human activities and high water, subsidence, and seismicity. Farming and drainage of peat soils caused subsidence, which contributed to levee internal failures. Subsidence rates decreased with time, but still contributed to levee instability. Modeling changes in seepage and static slope instability suggests an increased probability of failure with decreasing peat thickness. Additional data is needed to assess the spatial and temporal effects of subsidence from peat thinning and deformation. Large-scale, state investment in levee upgrades (> $700 million since the mid-1970s) has increased conformance with applicable standards; however, accounts conflict about corresponding reductions in the number of failures.Modeling and history suggest that projected increases in high-flow frequency associated with climate change will increase the rate of levee failures. Quantifying this increased threat requires further research. A reappraisal of seismic threats resulted in updated ground motion estimates for multiple faults and earthquake-occurrence frequencies. Estimated ground motions are large enough to induce failure. The immediate seismic threat, liquefaction, is the sudden loss of strength from an increase in the pressure of the pore fluid and the corresponding loss of inter-particle contact forces. However, levees damaged during an earthquake that do not immediately fail may eventually breach. Key sources of uncertainty include occurrence frequencies and magnitudes, localized ground motions, and data for liquefaction potential.Estimates of the consequences of future levee failure range up to multiple billions of dollars. Analysis of future risks will benefit from improved description of levee upgrades and strength as well as consideration of subsidence, the effects of climate change, and earthquake threats. Levee habitat ecosystem benefits in this highly altered system are few. Better recognition and coordination is needed among the creation of high-value habitat, levee needs, and costs and benefits of levee improvements and breaches.

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“…Unfortunately, research interest on their cyclic response picked up only recently, and hence, a comprehensive effort summarizing their cyclic performance is still missing. Yet, Boulanger and Idriss (2007) needs to be referred to as a practical tool, which is waiting to be tested via sufficient number of case histories.…”

Section: ð19:3aþmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Advances in Seismic Soil Liquefaction Engineering

Çetin

Bilge²

2014

Perspectives on European Earthquake Engineering and Seismology

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The assessment of cyclic response of soils has been a major concern of geotechnical earthquake engineering since the very early days of the profession. The pioneering efforts were mostly focused on developing an understanding of the response of clean sands. These efforts were mostly confined to the assessment of the mechanisms of excess pore pressure buildup and corollary reduction in shear strength and stiffness, widely referred to as seismic soil liquefaction triggering. However, as the years passed, and earthquakes and laboratory testing programs continued to provide lessons and data, researchers and practitioners became increasingly aware of additional aspects, such as liquefaction susceptibility and cyclic degradation response of silt and clay mixtures. Inspired from the fact that these issues are still considered as the "soft" spots of the practice, the scope of this chapter is tailored to include a review of earlier efforts along with the introduction of new frameworks for the assessment of cyclic strength and straining performance of coarse-and fine-grained soils.

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Evaluation of Cyclic Softening in Silts and Clays

Cited by 152 publications

References 24 publications

Laboratory Investigation of the Pre- and Post-Cyclic Volume Change Properties of Sherman Island Peat

Laboratory Investigation of the Pre- and Post-Cyclic Volume Change Properties of Sherman Island Peat

Factors and Processes Affecting Levee System Vulnerability

Recent Advances in Seismic Soil Liquefaction Engineering

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